基于偏好聚合和论辩推理的道德困境解决方法  

A Solution to Ethical Dilemmas Based on Preference Aggregation and Formal Argumentation

作　　者：廖备水[1] 李崇慧 LIAO Beishui;LI Chonghui(Department of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学系,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期33-49,共17页Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：浙江大学“双脑计划”人文社科专项以及国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA290,17ZDA026)的资助。

摘　　要：在关于智能体行动决策的道德困境中,不同的利益相关方不但秉持不同的价值并且关于这些价值的个体偏好也不尽相同。为获得道德困境中符合多数利益相关方偏好的求解,以现有工作为基础,提出一种基于形式论辩的道德委员会论辩框架。通过社会选择理论中的两种方法,把不同层次的个体偏好聚合为统一的社会偏好,从而在论辩框架中实现论证优先级的提升。最后,运用论辩语义推理解决道德困境中的两难,获得合理的求解。In the decision-making of an autonomous agent,for an ethical dilemma,different stakeholders have not only different values,but also different preferences over these values.In order to obtain an agreement on the individual preferences of different stakeholders,based on our previous work on argumentation-based ethical decision-making,this paper introduces a revised version of the moral council framework.In this framework,different levels of individual preferences are aggregated into a unified social ordering in terms of two methods from social choice theory,to obtain an ordering over the set of arguments,each of which is associated with a set of values.Then,by using argumentation-based reasoning,solutions of ethical dilemmas are defined.

关 键 词：论辩推理 偏好聚合 社会选择理论 规范系统 道德困境 

分 类 号：B812.4[哲学宗教—逻辑学]