废弃棉纤维、粘胶纤维和微晶纤维素水热炭化制备炭微球的对比研究  

A comparative study of carbon microsphere preparation by the hydrothermal carbonization of waste cotton fibers,viscose fibers and Avicel

作　　者：张永芳 戴晋明[1,2] 郭红 史晟[1] 阎智锋 侯文生 ZHANG Yong-fang;DAI Jin-ming;GUO Hong;SHI Sheng;YAN Zhi-feng;HOU Wen-sheng(College of Textile Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Jinzhong 030600,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学轻纺工程学院,山西晋中030600 [2]太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《新型炭材料》2020年第3期286-294,共9页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51703153).

摘　　要：选择废弃棉纤维和粘胶纤维两种纺织纤维作为水热炭化原料,并以微晶纤维素为模型底物进行对比,研究原料结构对水热炭化条件及产物的影响。结果表明,高结晶度的棉纤维(60.35%)和微晶纤维素(60.24%)制备炭微球的最佳条件分别是330℃,6 h,0.15%CuSO4和310℃,6 h,0.10%CuSO4,而低结晶度(34.31%)的粘胶纤维的最佳条件为260℃,8 h。结晶度越低,水热炭化条件越温和,而聚合度对其影响不显著。采用SEM、XRD、FTIR、TG和EDS对炭化产物进行表征,结果表明,不同原料合成的炭微球具有类似的无定型结构和丰富的官能团,但棉纤维和微晶纤维素合成的炭微球具有更高的碳含量和热稳定性,这可能是更高的水热炭化温度所致。因此,纤维素结晶度是影响其水热炭化合成炭微球的重要因素。The hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of waste cotton fibers,viscose fibers and Avicel to prepare carbon microspheres was investigated.The precursors and carbonized products were characterized by SEM,EDS,XRD,TG and FTIR.Results show ed that the optimum HTC conditions for preparing carbon microspheres from cotton fibers and Avicel with high crystallinities of60.35 and 60.24%,respectively,were respectively 330℃for 6 h in 0.15%CuSO4and at 310℃for 6 h in 0.10%CuSO4,while they could be synthesized at 260℃for 8 h from viscose fibers with a low crystallinity of 34.31%w ithout any additive,indicating that cellulosic materials with a low er crystallinity have milder HTC conditions for preparing carbon microspheres.The polymerization degree of the cellulosic materials has little effect on the formation of carbon microspheres.The carbon microspheres produced from three cellulosic materials have a similar amorphous structure and abundant functional groups,while those produced from cotton fibers and Avicel have higher carbon contents and better thermal stability.The cellulosic materials were first hydrolyzed to form water soluble products,w hich underw ent dehydration,polymerization,polycondensation and aromatization to form the carbon microspheres.CuSO4promotes the hydrolysis of the cellulosic materials which is why it is needed to form carbon microspheres from cellulose of a high crystallinity.

关 键 词：水热炭化 棉纤维 粘胶纤维 炭微球 结晶度 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工]