不同覆膜种植方式下旱地高粱土壤水温的变化及产量效应  

Changes of soil moisture and temperature and yield effect under different mulching patterns on sorghum

作　　者：曹昌林[1] 张建华[1] 白文斌[1] Cao Changlin;Zhang Jianhua;Bai Wenbin(Sorghum Research Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation,Jinzhong 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期78-84,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D11010);晋中市重点科技创新平台项目(P181002);山西省科技攻关项目(201703D221011-2);山西省农科院特色农业技术攻关项目(YGG17013);国家基础性长期性监测项目(ZX03S0406,ZX04S040600)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探索提高高粱在旱作区的水分效率及产量。[方法]运用顺序排列的设计法,于2018年和2019年进行了覆膜条件下不同种植方式对土壤水温及高粱生长发育的研究。[结果]旱作高粱采用平作覆膜膜侧种植与平作覆膜膜下种植相比,可降低温度0.6~0.9℃,水分利用率提高0.94 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,产量提高3.75%~4.56%。采用平作覆膜膜侧种植方式,不仅可改善作物生存环境,有效地减缓旱地覆膜膜下种植造成的作物早衰现象,提高了水分利用率,从而提高产量,而且还能降低地膜回收的难度,从而保护生态环境。[结论]旱地种植高粱采用平作覆膜膜侧种植的方式较好。[Objective]Present study was aimed to explore the effective way to improve the water efficiency and yield of sorghum in dry land areas.[Methods]The field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 using the sequential design method to investigate the effects of different planting methods on soil moisture and temperature and plant growth rate under different mulching conditions.[Results]The results showed that the soil temperature was reduced 0.6~0.9℃by planting dry sorghum on the side of flat mulching,while the water utilization rate and grain yield were increased by 0.94 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 and 3.75%~4.56%,respectively compared to those of planting under flat mulching,Thus sorghum crops planting in dry land and being planted on the side of flat mulching not only improved the living environment of crops,effectively alleviated the premature senility of crops caused by upland mulching,improved the water use efficiency,and increased the yield,but also reduced the difficulty of plastic film recovery which was benefit for ecological environment protection.[Conclusion]It is better to plant sorghum on the side of flat mulching in dry land.

关 键 词：旱作区 覆膜 高粱 土壤水分 地温 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]