英汉语隐喻构词理据对比研究  

Metaphorical Motivation Underlying English and Chinese Word-formation: A Contrastive Study

作　　者：卢卫中[1] 李一 Lu Wei-zhong;Li Yi(Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学,日照276826

出　　处：《外语学刊》2020年第3期27-32,共6页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“英汉词汇对比:认知语义视角”(11BYY114);山东省社科规划基金优势学科项目“批评认知语言学视域下的中美政治话语对比研究”(19BYSJ44)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以概念隐喻理论为指导,系统考察英汉语隐喻构词的类型,分析英汉语隐喻词义的形成方式、跨语言差异及其原因。研究表明:(1)隐喻是英汉语构词以及词义形成和拓展的一种重要的理据和认知机制,其中人体、人造物和自然现象等人类熟悉的事物是两种语言构词及隐喻词义形成和拓展的主要源域。(2)英汉语隐喻构词之间存在差异性的主要原因在于以下3个方面:首先,因不同的思维和表达的需要,英汉语母语者将同一事物所具有的不同属性映射到对不同事物的理解上面,这反映出人类在隐喻思维和表达上所具有的灵活性和创造性;其次,生活在不同地域和社会文化环境中的人们对不同事物及其属性具有不同程度的接触和理解,因此,英汉语母语者在表达相同概念时可能会选用不同源域和喻体,这既反映出人类在隐喻思维和表达上所具有的殊途同归之妙,也反映出思维和语言表达上的多样性;最后,英汉语母语者选用不同源域和喻体表达相同事物,甚至两种语言中存在各自特有的隐喻思维和表达方式,这彰显出语言的个性特征。Based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this paper probes into the types of English and Chinese metaphorical word-formation, and analyzes the formation of metaphorical word meanings, cross-linguistic differences and their reasons. The study shows that(1) metaphor serves as an important motivation and cognitive mechanism of the formation of words and their meanings in the two languages, with bodily organs, artifacts and natural phenomena acting as principal source domains, and(2) the main reasons underlying the differences between the two languages lie in the following three aspects: firstly, owing to different thinking and expressing modes, different attributes of the same thing are mapped by the English and Chinese onto different things, a reflection of the flexibility and creativity in human thinking and expression;secondly, thanks to the different understanding of different things by humans living in different natural and social environments, different source domains tend to be mapped by the English and Chinese onto the same concepts, a reflection of the vicissitude in human thinking and expression;and lastly, the fact that diffe-rent source domains are mapped onto the same things and that there are metaphorical thinking and expressing ways unique to the two languages is a reflection of the individual properties of a language.

关 键 词：英汉语构词 隐喻理据 对比分析 共性 差异性 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]