明代犯罪武职调卫考论  

A Study on the Law of Criminal Military Officers Being Transferred to Weisuo in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：黄谋军 HUANG Mou-jun

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期84-90,128,共8页Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“明代州县军户的制度设计与群体身份变迁研究”(项目编号:18BZS065)。

摘　　要："调卫"惩罚是明代卫所制度下落实中国传统"五刑"中徒、流刑的具体实践形式之一,为军官军人所特设,具有鲜明的时代特征。"调卫"惩罚正式确立于宣德四年,历经正统、成化年间的不断发展完善而行用渐广,涉及军官在职务、经济、道德等方面的罪行惩治。"调卫"一定程度上对武职犯罪起到了惩戒效用,有利于卫所军政的整饬、边卫的充实以及卫所内部矛盾的缓解。在实践中,由于统治者的一再宽宥以及"调卫"自身的制度漏洞,致使军官"假罪调卫"、有司恣意滥施等新问题的产生,造成了人力、物力的变相浪费,效果亦未能尽如人意。In the guard battalion Wei-suo system in Ming dynasty,the punishment of"being transferred to weisuo"was one of the distinct and concrete practices in the implement of the penal servitude Tu and the banishment Liu in the"five punishments"of ancient China and was specialized for military officers.The punishment of"being transferred to Weisuo"was officially established in 1429(the fourth year ruling by the Xuande Emperor,which was developed and improved from the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor to the Chenghua Emperor and then gradually popularized to the punishment for military officers in terms of the duty-related,economic and mortal crimes."Being transferred to Weisuo"to some extent played an important role for disciplining the criminal military officers,straightening out the military and government,expanding the military in the frontier region and easing the internal conflicts in the Weisuo.In practice,the repeated forgiveness of the ruler and the loopholes of"being transferred to Weisuo"system resulted in a lot of problems such as"the false charge to transfer"and misusing power.Therefore,it achieved unsatisfied result and wasted manpower and material resources in the end.

关 键 词：明代 法律史 卫所武职 犯罪调卫 军事法制 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]