山西谷子地方品种农艺性状和品质性状的综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet Landrace in Shanxi

作　　者：刘思辰[1] 曹晓宁[1] 温琪汾[1] 王海岗[1] 田翔[1] 王君杰[1] 陈凌[1] 秦慧彬[1] 王纶[1] 乔治军[1] LIU SiChen;CAO XiaoNing;WEN QiFen;WANG HaiGang;TIAN Xiang;WANG JunJie;CHEN Ling;QIN HuiBin;WANG Lun;QIAO ZhiJun(Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement of Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops,Taiyuan 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所/农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室/杂粮种质资源发展与遗传改良山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第11期2137-2148,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划(201903D221087);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-13.5-A16);山西“农谷”研发专项(YCX2017D2205);山西省科技成果转化引导专项(201804D31051)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对山西谷子地方品种种质资源农艺性状和品质性状进行综合评价,分析山西谷子种质资源的多样性特点和分布规律,为种质资源的评价和新品种选育提供参考。【方法】利用变异系数、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数对212份山西谷子种质资源的15个性状进行多样性分析和性状差异分析,采用聚类分析、主成分分析、相关性分析以及逐步回归分析对山西谷子种质资源进行综合评价和鉴定指标筛选。【结果】212份山西谷子种质资源多样性指数范围为0.92—2.15,除粒色外,均大于1.00;变异系数范围为3.35%—38.66%,株高、穗长、茎长、茎粗、穗粗、节数、码数、码粒数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、直/支比和粒色变异比较丰富,淀粉和蛋白质变化较小。聚类分析把山西谷子种质资源分为3个类群:第一类群北部品种,来源地包括大同和朔州;第二类群中部品种,来源地包括阳泉、太原、晋中和榆次;第三类群南部品种,来源地包括临汾和运城,与山西地理分布吻合;北部品种中单穗重、穗粒重和千粒重等性状的平均值更高,南部品种中码粒数、单穗重、千粒重、蛋白质、淀粉和直/支比表现出更高的变异性。主成分分析把15个性状归为9个主成分,累计贡献率为89.26%,表明9个主成分包含了谷子表型性状的大部分信息。山西谷子种质资源表型性状的综合得分F值均值为0.521,临汾的黄疙瘩最高(0.709),大同的牛毛黄最低(0.315)。15个性状和综合得分F值的相关性分析表明,10个农艺性状(株高、穗长、茎长、茎粗、穗粗、节数、码数、码粒数、单穗重和穗粒重)与F值呈极显著正相关,直/支比与F值也呈极显著正相关。采用逐步回归分析法筛选出9个性状,分别为株高、穗长、茎长、码数、码粒数、单穗重、蛋白质、直/支比和粒色。【结论】山西谷子地方品种表型多样性丰富,山西谷子资�【Objective】The comprehensive evaluation of the agronomic traits and quality traits of Shanxi foxtail millet landrace resources were used to analyze the diversity characteristics and distribution laws of Shanxi foxtail millet.The comprehensive analysis of traits of millet germplasm resources provided scientific basis for evaluation and selection of new varieties of foxtail millet resources.【Method】The diversity evaluation of 15 traits in 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources were carried out.Variation coefficients,Shannon-Weaver Information index cluster analysis,principal component analysis,correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics.【Result】The result showed that diversity indexes range of 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources was 0.92-2.15,and all of them was greater than 1.00 except of grain color(GC);Variation coefficients ranged from 3.35%-38.66%,large variations were found in the traits of plant height(PH),panicle length(PL),stem length(SL),stem diameter(SD),panicle diameter(PD),stem node number(SNN),spike number(SN),grain number per spike(GNS),single spike weight(SSW),spike grain weight(SGW),thousand-grain weight(TGW),amylase/amylopectin ratio,and GC.The less variation was showed in starch and protein.Shanxi millet landrace were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis,the first group was northern varieties from Datong and Shuozhou,the second group central varieties from Yangquang,Taiyuan,Jinzhong and Yuci,the third group southern varieties from Linfen and Yuncheng;the clustering was consistent with their geographical distribution.The mean value was higher in the traits of SSW,SGW,and TGW in northern varieties.The varieties were more abundant in the traits of GNS,SSW,TGW,protein,starch,and amylase/amylopectin ratio in the southern varieties.Principal component analysis showed that the variation cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was accounted f

关 键 词：谷子 地方品种 农艺性状 品质性状 综合评价 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]