突发重大传染病疫情数据管理实践及其思考——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例  

Data Management Practice and Thinking on Outbreak of Major Infectious Diseases:A Case Study of COVID-19

作　　者：储节旺[1] 郭春侠[1] Chu Jiewang

机构地区：[1]安徽大学管理学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《情报理论与实践》2020年第5期1-8,共8页Information Studies:Theory & Application

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“大数据环境下突发事件应急管理情报能力建设研究”的成果之一,项目编号:16BTQ066。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]2019年底始露端倪的重大传染病新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,2020年1月底全面爆发,2月底最为严峻,至3月中旬渐趋缓和。在应对这场突发重大传染病疫情中,数据管理发挥了不可或缺的作用,它使疫情的精准判断和应对成为可能。[方法/过程]通过分析重大传染病疫情应对过程中数据监测和数据利用等相关文献,着重对新冠肺炎疫情的数据管理实践进行研究,并在此基础上构建出突发重大传染病疫情数据管理体系框架。[结果/结论]新冠肺炎疫情的数据管理实践表现有:相关主体具有一定程度的主动性,多渠道发布范围不同深度各异的数据;部分数据实现融合关联,并积极推动数据的开发利用;初步实现基础健康卫生知识共享,利于个人自我防控;通过数据管理助力科技攻关,加速疫苗药物研发;一定程度上符合开放的标准性,方便疫情数据复用。结合相关理论,构建出包括疫情数据管理主体、客体、环境和过程的突发重大传染病疫情数据管理体系框架,以该理论框架提出新冠肺炎疫情数据管理若干思考。[Purpose/significance]The outbreak of COVID-19,a major infectious disease that began to emerge at the end of 2019,broke out at the end of January,became the most severe at the end of February,and gradually eased by mid-march.In the response to this outbreak of major infectious diseases,data management has played an indispensable role,which makes it possible to accurately judge and respond to the epidemic.[Methods/process]Through the analysis of data monitoring and data utilization in the response process of major infectious diseases,this paper focuses on the study of COVID-19 epidemic data management practices,and on this basis to build a major outbreak of infectious disease data management system framework.[Result/conclusion]There are COVID-19 epidemic data management practices performance:relevant subjects have a certain degree of initiative,and managing data with different depth and range through multiple channels;some data realize fusion and correlation,and actively promote the development and utilization of data;the initial realization of basic health knowledge sharing is conducive to individual self-prevention and control;to accelerate the research and development of vaccine and drug through data management;to a certain extent,it conforms to open standards and facilitates the reuse of epidemic data.In combination with relevant theories,a framework of data management system of sudden major infectious diseases was constructed,including the subject,object,environment and process of epidemic data open management.Based on this theoretical framework,some thoughts on COVID-19 epidemic COVID-19 data management were put forward.

关 键 词：突发重大传染病疫情 突发公共卫生事件 新型冠状病毒肺炎 数据管理 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学] TP311.13[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]