城市建成环境对共享单车使用空间分布的影响——以长沙市为例  

The Influence of the Built Environment on the Spatial Distribution of Bicycle-Sharing Use--Taking Changsha as an Example

作　　者：崔树强[1] 朱佩娟[1,2] 张美芳 张鸿辉 CUI Shu-qiang;ZHU Pei-juan;ZHANG Mei-fang;ZHANG Hong-hui(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application,Hunan Province,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Guangdong Guodi Planning and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学地理空间大数据挖掘与应用湖南省重点实验,长沙410081 [3]广东国地规划科技股份有限公司,广州510650

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期89-99,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871318);湖南省重点学科地理学建设项目(2011001).

摘　　要：可随处取用停放的共享单车给居民出行带来便利的同时也给城市空间带来挑战,研究其空间分布可以认识建成环境对共享单车出行的影响与机制.构建"5维度3类型"研究框架,基于开放大数据平台获取长沙市工作日分时段共享单车定位数据,引入"共享单车使用度"概念刻画共享单车使用空间,运用回归分析、地理探测器、GWR等方法探究城市建成环境对共享单车使用空间分布的影响.研究发现:长沙市共享单车使用与居住、商业服务业、公共管理与公共服务用地面积比重、POI密度与多样性、路网密度、土地利用类型多样性等因素具有正相关关系,与距市中心距离和距公交站距离负相关.从建成环境5维度看,城市空间功能、设施密度、设施多样性、区位优势、距公交站距离在其各自维度内影响更为显著.不同类型建成环境因子影响力不同,呈现区域差异,其影响机制是以政府、企业和居民为主体,在外引力、基础力和内生力共同作用下,主体层、环境层、表现层三者有机融合的结果.While bicycle-sharing can be parked and obtained almost anywhere,thus making residents travel more convenient,they also impose challenges on urban space.It is of great significance to study the spatial distribution of bicycle-sharing for understanding the laws and mechanisms of built environment affecting bicycle-sharing travel.In this study,a“five-dimension and three-type”research framework is constructed,and based on the bicycle-sharing positioning data in Changsha in different time intervals on weekdays from the open big data platform,the concept of“bicycle-sharing usage”is introduced to describe the bicycle-sharing use space,and regression analysis,geo-detector and GWR(geographically weighted regression)are used to explore the impact of urban built environment on the spatial distribution of bicycle-sharing use.The results show that bicycle-sharing in Changsha is in positive correlations with the proportion of land area for residential areas,commercial service industry,public management and public service,POI density and diversity,road network density and the diversity land use type,and in negative correlations with the distance from the city center and from bus stops.The influences of the five dimensions of the built environment(urban spatial function,facility density,facility diversity,location advantage and distance from the bus station)are more significant in their respective dimensions.Different types of built environmental factors have different influences and present regional differences.The impact mechanism is based on the government,enterprises and residents.Under the combined effects of external gravity,basic force and endogenous force,the main layer,the environmental layer and the performance layer are closely integrated.

关 键 词：共享单车使用空间 城市建成环境 空间分布 影响因素 长沙市 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学] F29[经济管理—国民经济]