论欧盟法与BITs下国际投资仲裁条款的冲突与影响--以欧盟法院对Achmea BV.案的态度为视角  

Conflicts and Impacts of EU Law and International Investment Arbitration Clauses under BITs--From the Perspective of CJEU Attitude to the Case Achmea

作　　者：张明瑾 Zhang Mingjin

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《北京仲裁》2019年第4期255-272,共18页Beijing Arbitration Quarterly

摘　　要：德国联邦法院于2016年3月针对斯洛伐克共和国与荷兰保险公司Achmea BV.之间的投资仲裁案件a请求欧洲联盟法院(Court of Justice of European Union,CJEU)作出先行裁决。CJEU于2018年3月6日公布裁决结果,指出荷兰--斯洛伐克双边投资协定(BIT)及欧盟内部成员国间包含投资仲裁条款的BITs与欧盟法不相容。该案最终导致欧盟各成员国于2019年1月发表声明,将把2019年12月6日作为终止欧盟内部成员国之间所有BITs的最后期限。因此,成员国间投资争端将无法受多边投资仲裁庭的管辖,这无疑对双边投资保护协定促进ISDS(Investor-State Dispute Settlement)机制的良性发展带来挑战。欧盟法院的态度是否会影响中国与欧盟成员国已经签订的BITs,又是否会影响正在进行的中欧BIT谈判的争端解决机制,都是值得我们研究的问题。The German Federal Court in March 2016 requested the Court of Justice of European Union(CJEU)to make an preliminary ruling in the case of an investment arbitration case Slovak Republic v.Achmea B.V.The result of the ruling was announced on March 6,2018.CJEU pointed out that the arbitration clause of the Dutch-Slovak Bilateral Investment Agreement(BIT)is in conflict with the autonomy principle of the EU law.Thus,it is considered that the BIT,which contains the clause of arbitration,and the BITs containing investment arbitration clauses among EU member states are incompatible with EU law.The case ultimately led to a declaration by the EU member states in January 2019 that December 6 th,2019 would be the deadline for terminating all BITs(intra-EU BITs)between EU member states.Therefore,investment disputes between member states may not be able to accept the jurisdiction of the multilateral investment arbitral tribunal,which undoubtedly poses a challenge to the bilateral investment agreements to promote the sound development and legitimacy of ISDS.Whether the attitude of the European Court of Justice will affect the BITs already signed between China and EU member states,and whether it will affect the ongoing dispute resolution mechanism of the China-EU BIT negotiations are issues worthy of further study.

关 键 词：Achmea B.V 欧盟法 国际投资协定 投资仲裁 条约冲突 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]