城镇化与中国农村减贫  

Urbanization and Poverty Reduction in Rural China

作　　者：解垩[1] Xie E(School of Economics,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250199

出　　处：《经济科学》2020年第3期5-16,共12页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“建立解决相对贫困长效机制的财税政策研究”(项目编号:20AZD078);国家自然科学基金项目“面向家庭和个人的公共转移支付减贫效应研究”(项目编号:71673167)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)2010年、2012年、2014年的面板数据,本文使用工具变量面板数据固定效应的两部模型分析了城镇化对农村家庭人均收入、消费及贫困的影响。研究发现:城镇化促进了农村家庭工资收入和财产收入的增长,对经营收入影响微弱,其对经营收入占比甚至起到了显著的降低作用,城镇化使农村家庭人均收入、人均消费显著上升,城镇化水平每提高1%,家庭人均收入增长约0.7%,家庭人均消费增长约1.1%;城镇化显著地减少了农村贫困,但其减贫的作用较小,且随着时间的推移城镇化的减贫贡献逐渐减弱;当把农村样本分成郊区农村和纯农村、东中西部地区、平原和非平原地区时,城镇化对每一分组样本下的人均收入、消费及贫困的影响效应均呈现出了异质性特点。城镇化减少农村贫困的机制是农村土地渠道、非农就业渠道以及技术和市场的溢出效应渠道,汇款机制调节作用有限。Based on the panel data of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS)2010,2012 and 2014,we evaluate the effect of urbanization on income,consumption and poverty in rural households in China by using a two-part IV fixed-effects panel model to account for the issue of endogeneity.The results show that urbanization tends to increase wages and property income in rural households and have a slight impact on operating income.It even played a significant role in reducing the ratio of operating incomes to total income.Urbanization contributes to increasing rural households’per capita income and per capita consumption.More specifically,a 1 percent increase in the share of urban population at the provincial level increases the per capita income and per capita consumption of rural households by around 0.7 and 1.1 percent respectively.We also find that in China urbanization reduces consumption poverty although only slightly and the effect of urbanization on the poverty rate tends to be smaller over time.When rural samples were divided into suburban rural areas/pure rural areas,eastern/central/western regions,plains/non-plain areas,the effects of urbanization on per capita income,consumption and poverty under each subgroup sample showed heterogeneity.The mechanism of urbanization to reduce rural poverty is the channel of rural land channels,non-agricultural employment channels and technology and market spillover effects.The role of remittances is limited.

关 键 词：城镇化 农村家庭收入 消费 农村贫困 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]