济贫与慈善:狄更斯《雾都孤儿》中的《新济贫法》批评  

Poor Relief and Charity:Oliver Twist and the New Poor Law Criticism

作　　者：吾文泉[1] 高贤铭 Wu Wenquan;Gao Xianming(School of Foreign Studies,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学外国语学院,南通226019

出　　处：《外国语文研究》2020年第2期44-51,共8页Foreign Language and Literature Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“英国维多利亚时代文学济贫书写研究”(19AWW006);江苏省研究生创新项目“查尔斯·狄更斯的济贫制度批评与慈善思想构建”(KYCX19-2043)。

摘　　要：查尔斯·狄更斯早期的经典小说《雾都孤儿》发表于1837年,是英国颁布实施《新济贫法》的第四年。作者以一个济贫院孤儿的成长为题材,描绘了英国1834年《新济贫法》制度两大原则"济贫院检验"和"劣等处置"对小说人物造成的阶级屏障和社会控制的效果;反映了《新济贫法》推行过程中的阻碍,表达了其对新济贫法制度下某些官员以公谋私的批判与讽刺;并结合小说主人公奥利弗的成长阐释了狄更斯早期自助、救助与互助的多元慈善思想。Oliver Twist was published in 1837 which marked the third year of the emergence of the new poor law.It depicts the growth of a workhouse orphan while unfolding a whole picture of the English poor,criticizing the new poor law and highlighting middle class’s concept of charity.From the perspective of the relationship between the new poor law and Oliver Twist,this paper will delve into the two workhouse principles,namely Workhouse Test and Less Eligibility,and reveal the result of class screen and social control caused respectively by them.In the second place comes criticism and satire from Dickens upon the new poor law system and officials.At last,using the growth of Oliver as example,this paper will demonstrate Charles Dickens’s philanthropic ideas,which are featured by self-reliance,assistance,mutual assistance.

关 键 词：查尔斯·狄更斯 《雾都孤儿》 《新济贫法》 慈善思想 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]