大豆作为前作植物对油菜根肿病发生的影响  

Effects of soybean as pre-cropping plant on occurrence of clubroot in oilseed rape

作　　者：张蕾[1,2] 唐林 黄小琴 杨潇湘[1,2] 伍文宪 向运佳 周西全 刘勇[1,2] ZHANG Lei;TANG Lin;HUANG Xiao-qin;YANG Xiao-xiang;WU Wen-xian;XIANG Yun-jia;ZHOU Xi-quan;LIU Yong(Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Key Labora⁃tory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,四川成都610066 [2]农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2020年第3期480-485,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200600);国家自然科学基金(31301711);四川省农业科学院领军人才项目(2019LJRC014);四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目(2019QNJJ-011);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队岗位(2019-2023)。

摘　　要：为了解前作大豆对后茬油菜根肿病的影响,采用大田轮作试验和实时荧光定量PCR检测法,研究大豆、白菜、油菜分别作为前作,调查后茬油菜根肿病的发生和土壤中休眠孢子含量,比较分析了不同前作的根系分泌物对休眠孢子萌发的影响,结果表明前作大豆,后茬油菜根肿病的发病率和病情指数分别为34.00%和19.26、土壤休眠孢子含量为1.45×106个/克土壤,显著低于前作为油菜、白菜和撂荒对照的相应量。大豆、油菜和白菜根系分泌物均可刺激根肿菌休眠孢子萌发。与根肿菌休眠孢子共培6 d后,大豆根系分泌物培养的休眠孢子萌发率为29.82%,显著高于白菜(15.52%)、油菜根系分泌物(14.83%)和营养液(6.48%)培养下的萌发率。据此推测,前作种植大豆,后茬油菜根肿病发生和危害减轻,原因应与大豆根系分泌物刺激根肿菌休眠孢子萌发,产生的游动孢子因缺少寄主植物而死亡,导致诱发病害的初侵染源(土壤中休眠孢子含量)减少有关。To investigate the effects of soybean as previous crop on clubroot disease of oilseed rape,and to ex⁃plore new way for clubroot control,occurrence of oilseed rape clubroot was investigated on resting spores in rotating field.Root exudates of different previous crops on germination of resting spores of the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae were also tested by spore germination method.Results showed that soybean planting significantly reduced the occurrence and damage of clubroot on oilseed rape as succeeding crop,and resting spores in soil were also re⁃duced.The incidence and disease index were 34.00%and 19.26 respectively.Soil dormant spore content was 1.45×106/g soil.These were significantly lower than those of rapeseed(71.33%,50.15,2.92×106/g soil),Chinese cab⁃bage(73.33%,49.48,2.68×106/g soil)and uncultivated field(70.67%,48.00,2.82×106/g soil)as previous crop or treatment.Root exudates of soybean,oilseed rape and Chinese cabbage stimulated resting spores germination of P.brassicae.After 6 days co-culture with root exudates,the germination rate of resting spores was 29.82%for soybean root exudates,which was significantly higher than those from Chinese cabbage(15.52%),oilseed rape(14.83%)and blank nutrient solution(6.48%).Thus the mechanism of clubroot occurrence reduction by soybean pre-cropping plants might be preliminarily clarified as:soybean root exudates could stimulate resting spores germination of P.brassicae,and then lead to zoospores death due to lack of host plants,and consequently reduce the primary infection for succession crop rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 根肿病 大豆 轮作 休眠孢子含量 根系分泌物 

分 类 号：S474[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]