激光切割中离轴量影响气体动力学性能的研究  

Influence of Off-Axis Amount on Dynamics Performance of Gas in Laser Cutting Process

作　　者：孙凤[1] 宋园园 赵庆龙 王思航 佟玲[1] 单光坤[1] 张晓友 Sun Feng;Song Yuanyuan;Zhao Qinglong;Wang Sihang;Tong Ling;Shan Guangkun;Zhang Xiaoyou(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang,Liaoning 110870,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Japan University of Technology,Tokyo 3458501,Japan)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870 [2]日本工业大学机械工程系,日本东京345-8501

出　　处：《中国激光》2020年第4期74-83,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC1802077);辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划(LR2017036);辽宁省博士启动基金(20170520177);沈阳市科技计划项目(Z17-5-067)。

摘　　要：在激光切割中,辅助气体须与激光束轴线同轴,以确保在每个切割方向上都具有相同的切割质量。但研究发现,辅助气体与激光束轴线处于某种离轴(即不同轴)状态时,可有效提高切割效率,但离轴量对切割过程的影响机理尚不明确。建立了包含切缝的离轴激光切割三维对称模型,采用有限元方法对以氮气为辅助气体的激光切割过程进行数值模拟。通过改变离轴量,分析了辅助气体的气流场结构,研究了离轴量对激光切割过程中辅助气体动力学性能的影响;同时,对不同离轴量下的激光切割仿真模拟结果进行比较和分析,明确了离轴量对激光切割的影响机理,并进行了切割实验验证。结果表明:离轴量会影响辅助气体的动力学性能,合适的离轴量可有效提高激光的切割质量。In laser cutting,the auxiliary gas and laser beam axis are typically coaxially arranged to ensure the same cutting quality in each cutting direction.It is found that when the axes of the auxiliary gas and laser beam are not coaxial(i.e.,in an off-axis state),the cutting efficiency can be effectively improved.However,the influence mechanism of off-axis state on the cutting process remains unclear.This study established a three-dimensional symmetrical model of off-axis laser cutting with cut slits and simulated the laser cutting process with nitrogen as the auxiliary gas using the finite element method.By changing the off-axis amount,the structure of the airflow field structure of the auxiliary gas is analyzed,meanwhile,the influence of the off-axis amount on the dynamic performance of the auxiliary gas was investigated during the laser cutting process.In addition,the influence mechanism of the off-axis amount on the laser cutting was clarified by analyzing the simulation results,and it was verified in a cutting experiment.Results show that the off-axis amount affects the dynamic performance of the auxiliary gas,and the appropriate off-axis amount can effectively improve the quality of laser cutting.

关 键 词：激光技术 激光切割 离轴量 数值模拟 辅助气体 切割质量 

分 类 号：TG485[金属学及工艺—焊接]