脉冲电弧对激光脉冲电弧复合焊熔滴过渡与飞溅的影响  

Effects of Pulse Arc on Droplet Transfer and Spatter of Laser Pulsed-Arc Hybrid Welding

作　　者：任闻杰 郑惠锦[2] 李铸国[1] 朱国斌[2] Ren Wenjie;Zhen Huijin;Li Zhuguo;Zhu Guobin(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学上海市激光制造与材料改性重点实验室,上海200240 [2]上海船舶工艺研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《中国激光》2020年第4期105-114,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905343);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2019M651461);上海市工业强基项目(GYQJ-2017-4-04)。

摘　　要：采用高速摄影技术、宏观金相和焊接电信号采集对激光脉冲电弧复合焊焊缝成形形貌、熔滴过渡和焊接飞溅进行了研究。结果表明:采用激光脉冲电弧复合焊能改善焊缝成形,同时明显改变了焊接电流、电弧电压以及熔滴过渡模式。激光非脉冲电弧复合焊的熔滴和熔池以及熔滴和焊丝之间形成的液桥在过大电磁收缩力的作用下发生爆炸,此外,熔池表面的熔滴在电弧力和内部气体膨胀的作用下发生爆炸,从而产生飞溅。而采用激光脉冲电弧复合焊接工艺能明显降低焊接飞溅,这主要是因为脉冲电弧降低了短路过渡时的电流以及熔池的震荡。The weld morphologies, droplet transfer, and spatters of laser pulsed-arc hybrid welding were studied using high-speed photography, macro-metallograph, and welding electrical signal acquisition. Results show that laser pulsed-arc hybrid welding can improve the welding morphologies. The weld morphologies were improved. The welding current, the arc voltage, and the droplet transfer mode were changed significantly during the laser pulsed-arc hybrid welding. The liquid bridge formed between the droplet and the molten pool as well as the wire and the droplet explored under the action of excessive electromagnetic contraction force, and the droplets on the surface of molten pool exploded under the action of the arc force and expansion of gases, so the welding spatters were produced. Spatters are significantly reduced during laser pulsed-arc hybrid welding, mainly because the pulse arc reduces the short circuit transfer current and pool oscillations.

关 键 词：激光技术 激光电弧复合焊 脉冲电弧 焊接飞溅 熔滴过渡 焊缝成形 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]