减量施肥对葡萄产量、养分吸收及土壤养分残留的影响  

Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Yield,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Residue of Grape

作　　者：吕中伟[1] 郭战玲[2] 张柯[1] 吴文莹[1] 娄玉穗[1] 杨占平[2] LV Zhongwei;GUO Zhanling;ZHANG Ke;WU Wenying;LOU Yusui;YANG Zhanping(Horticulture Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第6期127-131,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201307);国家葡萄产业技术体系豫东综合试验站项目(CARS-29-18);河南省科技攻关计划项目(182102110058,192102110146)。

摘　　要：为满足葡萄生产绿色可持续发展的需求,以阳光玫瑰葡萄为材料,采用田间试验,设置CF(农民习惯施肥,分3次施入)、RF(CF减量30%,分3次施入)、SF(CF减氮磷增钾,分2次施入)、RSF(SF减量30%,分2次施入)4个施肥模式,研究减量及简化施肥对葡萄产量、养分吸收及土壤养分残留的影响。结果表明,与CF相比,RF、SF、RSF处理均能提高葡萄果实鲜质量,降低含水率,提高叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收量,降低0~100 cm土体硝态氮的残留量;SF、RSF处理明显增加0~60 cm土体速效钾残留量。其中,RF处理葡萄果实鲜质量增加3.1%,含水率降低1.0个百分点,叶片氮、磷、钾吸收量提高13.9%、22.7%、14.0%,果实钾吸收量提高2.5%,0~100 cm土体硝态氮残留量降低16.4%,0~60 cm土体速效磷及速效钾残留量分别降低16.6%和12.7%,RF处理为最优施肥模式。表明合理的减量施肥,不仅能减少肥料投入,降低生产成本,而且能增加葡萄产量及养分吸收量,减少土壤养分残留,可在生产上推广应用。In order to realize the sustainable development of green ecological production of grape,four fertilization modes,CF(farmers’habitual fertilization,three times application),RF(30%reduction of CF,three times application),SF(nitrogen,phosphorus reduction and potassium increase of CF,two times application),RSF(30%reduction of SF,two times application),were set up by field experiments to study the effects of reducing fertilization amount and frequency on Shine Muscat grape yield,nutrient uptake and soil nutrient residue.The results showed that RF,SF and RSF could increase the fresh fruit yield compared with CF and decrease the water content of grapes,increase the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves,reduce the residue of nitrate nitrogen in one meter soil profile.SF and RSF could significantly increase soil available potassium residue in 60 cm soil profile.Among them,RF was the best fertilization mode,which increased the fresh weight of grape fruit by 3.1%,decreased the moisture content by 1.0 percentage points,increased the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of leaves by 13.9%,22.7%,14.0%,increased the absorption of potassium of fruit by 2.5%,decreased nitrate nitrogen residue in 1-meter soil by 16.4%,and decreased available phosphorus and potassium residues by 16.6%and 12.7%in 60 cm soil profile.Therefore,reasonable reduced fertilization can not only reduce fertilizer input and production cost,but also increase grape yield and nutrient absorption,reduce soil nutrient residue,and can be applied in production.

关 键 词：减量施肥 阳光玫瑰葡萄 养分吸收 土壤养分残留 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]