高寒地区灌溉对建植当年紫花苜蓿产量、水分和光能利用效率的影响  

Effects of Irrigation on Yields,Water and Light Efficiencies of First Year Alfalfa in the Alpine Region

作　　者：乔子楣 刘敏国 杨惠敏 QIAO Zi-mei;LIU Min-guo;YANG Hui-min(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院/草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2020年第3期86-93,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0400302);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金—青藏高原牧草栽培岗位科学家(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：在青海省海西州寒旱地区,以紫花苜蓿为材料,开展了不同补充灌溉水平下的大田试验,测定了牧草产量、生长特性、水分及光能利用效率等,以揭示高寒地区灌溉对紫花苜蓿的影响。结果表明:在高寒地区,补充灌溉能改善苜蓿的生长。随灌水水平的提高,苜蓿的干物质和粗蛋白产量、水分和光能利用效率、叶茎比等均提高,灌水量60mm/次、灌水时期为苗期、分枝期和开花期处理下苜蓿的年干物质产量最高,达6205kg/hm^2。因此,在青海省海西州高寒地区紫花苜蓿草地管理中,可采取灌水量60mm/次、年内全生育期灌水3次的补充灌溉模式,在这种灌溉模式下的紫花苜蓿草地可表现出较优的生产性能。Irrigation is an important measure to improve the productivity of cultivated grassland in arid areas.In this study,alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)was used as material to carry out field experiment of supplementary irrigation at different levels in the cold and arid Haixi region,Qinghai province.The yields,growth characteristics,water and light use efficiencies were measured to reveal the effect of irrigation on alfalfa in this region.The results showed that supplementary irrigation in the alpine region can improve the growth and productivity of alfalfa.With the increase of irrigation levels,the yield of dry matter and crude protein,the utilization efficiency of water and light,and leaf-stem ratio of alfalfa were all promoted.The maximum dry matter yield of alfalfa was 6205kg/hm 2 under irrigation treatment of 60mm/time,and the alfalfa was irrigated in seedling,branching and flowering stages.Therefore,in the management of alfalfa grassland in Haixi alpine region of Qinghai province,the supplementary irrigation mode with the irrigation amount of 60mm/time and three times of the whole growth period in one year can be adopted.Under this irrigation mode,the alfalfa grassland can show better production performance.

关 键 词：高寒地区 紫花苜蓿 补充灌溉 灌水强度 生产性能 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]