香型多花蝴蝶兰杂交及优良单株选育  

Hybridization and Breeding of Superior Individuals of Phalaenopsis with Fragrance and Multiple Flowers

作　　者：韦小莲 洪生标 张佳霞 曾宝珰 张秀珊 郭英铎 江秀娜 汤楷 WEI Xiaolian;HONG Shengbiao;ZHANG Jiaxia;ZENG Baodang;ZHANG Xiushan;GUO Yingduo;JIANG Xiuna;TANG Kai(Shantou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Shantou 515041,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头市农业科学研究所,广东汕头515041

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第4期39-46,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：汕头市科技计划项目(2016-107)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用收集的蝴蝶兰种质资源开展香型多花蝴蝶兰的杂交选育,观察后代群体主要目标性状表现,获得符合目标性状要求的香型多花蝴蝶兰优良单株。【方法】以15个蝴蝶兰品种为亲本开展蝴蝶兰常规杂交,对杂交后代进行性状调查分析,并与亲本进行比较。【结果】配对的15个杂交组合中编号16161(PL608×PL321)和编号16162(390×PL321)两对组合成功,在2016年获得成熟蒴果,其他13对杂交组合均没有获得蒴果或成熟蒴果。亲本性状最相近的16161栽培杂交后代群体200株,平地空调催花174株,该杂交组合后代数量多、开花株多、株叶型整齐、生长势强,完全遗传了母本的香味;花朵数量均遗传母本特性,接近母本,多于父本;花色、唇色整体上为父母本花色的调和色,有深浅梯度变化;斑点分布规律同母本,未出现亲本花色之外的花色,符合基本遗传规律。部分杂交后代生长发育指标优于双亲,选育出有香味、花朵数量多、花色鲜亮、开花株形态好的优良单株6株。16162栽培杂交后代群体21株,通过平地空调催花12株,杂交后代均没有遗传亲本的香味,花朵数量多遗传自父本,未选育出香型多花优良单株。【结论】两个亲本相近的香型蝴蝶兰通过杂交,可选育出符合目标性状的香型多花蝴蝶兰优良单株。但由于蝴蝶兰香味遗传背景及机制复杂,在亲本均有香味的情况下,后代不一定能遗传亲本的香味。试验中两个香型蝴蝶兰PL608、PL321可为今后香型多花蝴蝶兰杂交选育亲本选配提供参考。【Objective】The germplasm resources of Phalaenopsis were collected to carry out the hybrid breeding of Phalaenopsis with fragrance and multiple flowers,to observe the performance of main target traits in progeny population,and to obtain superior individuals that meet the target traits.【Method】Conventional hybridization of Phalaenopsis was carried out with 15 Phalaenopsis species as parents,the traits of hybrid progeny were investigated and analyzed,and the relative traits were compared with those of parents.【Result】Among the 15 hybrid combinations,two combinations No.16161(PL608×PL321)and No.16162(390×PL321)were successful in achieving mature capsules in 2016,while none of the other 13 combinations achieved either a capsule or a mature capsule.The 16161 with closest traits to parents cultivated 200 hybrid progeny populations,and promoted the flowering of 174 hybrid progeny in plain areas with air conditioning.This hybrid combination had a large number of offspring,with many flowering plants,neat plant and leaf types,strong growth potential,and inherited the fragrance of the female parent completely.The number of flowers inherited the characteristics of the female parent,which is close to the female parent,and more than that of the male parent;The colors of the flowers and the lips are the harmonious colors of the parents’,and there were gradient changes in shade and light colors.The pattern of spot distribution was the same as that of the female parent,and the flower color other than that of the parents did not appear,which was in accordance with the basic genetic law.The growth and development indexes of some hybrid progeny were better than those of parents.Six superior individuals with fragrance,multiple flowers,bright colors and good shape of flowering plants were selected and bred.The 16162 cultivated 21 hybrid progeny populations,and promoted the flowering of 12 hybrid progeny in plain areas with air conditioning.The fragrance of parents was inherited by the hybrid offspring,the number of flow

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰 成熟蒴果 杂交后代 香味遗传 花朵数量 性状比较 优良单株 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]