全站仪极坐标法的基坑水平位移监测误差分析与控制研究  

Research on the Error Analysis and Control of Horizontal Displacement Monitoring for Foundation Pit Based on Polar Coordinate Method with Total Station

作　　者：牟建华 王成荣[2] 刘俊岩[3] MOU Jianhua;WANG Chengrong;LIU Junyan(Shanghai Geotechnical Engineering&Geology Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200072,China;Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Rail Transit Design and Research Institute,Shanghai 200235,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Ji'nan University,Ji'nan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市岩土地质研究院有限公司,上海200072 [2]上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院,上海200235 [3]济南大学土木建筑学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《测绘与空间地理信息》2020年第5期171-175,共5页Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology

摘　　要：全站仪极坐标法是基坑工程水平位移监测的主要方法之一,为满足基坑工程变形速率1—3 mm预警值的严格要求,对观测的精度要求很高,仪器的选择和测回数的合理确定是影响观测精度的关键。本文从仪器、观测人员、外界环境和工作基点的误差来源出发,分析了测角与测距误差、测站与目标对中误差、照准误差和工作基点误差共6种误差的综合影响,推导了监测点坐标中误差的理论计算公式并进行精度估算。为确保观测精度,按照规范规定的监测点坐标中误差控制值为精度衡量指标,并提出了满足精度要求的仪器选型和测回数控制的通用条件,进而有效地实现精度目标和准确预警。Polar coordinate method with total station is one of the main methods of horizontal displacement monitoring for foundation pit,in order to meet the strict requirements of 1—3 mm early warning value of deformation rate in foundation pit,the key factors such as the selection of instrument and the reasonable number of observation set are very important to guarantee the observation accuracy.Based on the error source of instrument,observer,environment,and working base point,this paper analyzed the comprehensive influence caused by six errors,error of angle and distance observation,centering error between observation station and observation target,error of sighting and working base point.We have derived the theoretical calculation formula of root mean square error of coordinate in monitoring point and conducted accuracy estimating.To ensure the observation accuracy,according to survey standard,we use the control value of root mean square error of coordinate in monitoring point as accuracy index,propose the general condition for instrument selection and number of observation set to achieve the required accuracy and precise early warning.

关 键 词：极坐标法 基坑工程 水平位移 误差分析 坐标中误差 精度估算 测回 

分 类 号：P25[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] TB22[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]