STEADI跌倒风险自评量表在社区老年人中的应用研究  

Application of the fall risk self-assessment scale of the STEADI Toolkit in community elderly people

作　　者：李亚玲[1] 丁福[2] Li Yaling;Ding Fu(Geriatric Department,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆400016 [2]重庆医科大学附属第一医院护理部,重庆400016

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2020年第9期84-87,共4页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用示范项目(社会民生类一般项目)(cstc2018jscx-msybX0124);重庆医科大学智慧医学项目(ZHYX2019003);重庆医科大学附属第一医院2017年度院内护理科研基金项目(HLJJ2017-02)。

摘　　要：目的应用STEADI跌倒风险自评量表筛查社区老年人跌倒风险,并了解其对老年人远期跌倒的预测效能。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样,选取重庆市社区老年人1 168人,运用汉化版STEADI跌倒风险自评量表筛查其跌倒风险。6个月后电话随访老年人跌倒发生情况。结果 321人(27.5%)自评有跌倒风险。6个月后有效电话随访825人,64人发生跌倒,跌倒发生率为7.8%(64/825),跌伤率为71.9%(46/64)。汉化版预测6个月后社区老年人发生跌倒的灵敏度为45.3%,特异性为75.4%,AUC为0.604,约登指数为0.208。71.6%的老年人认为跌倒风险自我评估对其有意义,69.9%的老年人评估后实施了预防跌倒的相关措施。结论大多数老年人认可跌倒风险自评的意义并采取相关措施预防跌倒,但汉化版预测社区老年人6个月后发生跌倒的效能欠佳,建议结合步态、力量和平衡的评估结果来预测老年人跌倒风险。Objective To screen fall risk in community elderly population by employing the fall risk self-assessment scale of the STEADI(Stopping Elderly Accidents,Deaths,&Injuries),and to test the predictive validity for long-term fall accidents.Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 1168 community elderly persons in Chongqing,and then their fall risk was assessed using the Chinese version of the fall risk self-assessment scale of the STEADI.Fall accidents were recorded at 6-month follow-up by telephone.Results Of the 1168 participants,321(27.5%)reported fall risk and 825 were followed up.Sixty-four participants reported fall accidents at 6-month follow-up,with the prevalence being 7.8%,and 46(71.9%)of them were injured.The sensitivity and specificity of the Chinese version of the scale for predicting the occurrence of falls after 6 months were 45.3%and 75.4%respectively.The AUC was 0.604 and the Youden index was 0.208.More than seventy percent(71.6%)of the elderly thought that self-assessment of fall risk was meaningful,and 69.9%of them had implemented measures to prevent falls after the assessment.Conclusion Majority of the elderly recognize the significance of self-assessment of fall risk and take preventive measures.However,the Chinese version of the STEADI self-assessment scale is not so satisfactory to predict falls after 6 months in the community elderly,and it is recommended to combine with gait,strength and balance results for fall risk prediction.

关 键 词：老年人 社区 跌倒 风险筛查 自我评估 STEADI 灵敏度 特异度 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]