设施番茄果穗弯折影响因素的研究  

Research on Panicle Bending of Tomato under Protected Conditions

作　　者：陈碧华 王广印 郭卫丽 褚常雨 CHEN Bihua;WANG Guangyin;GUO Weili;CHU Changyu(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement,Xinxiang Henan 453003, China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第3期407-418,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：河南省大宗蔬菜产业技术体系建设项目(S2010-03-G04);河南省科技攻关项目(112102110023)。

摘　　要：为了探究番茄果穗弯折对果实膨大和产量的影响及果穗发生弯折的影响因素,进行大棚秋番茄果穗弯折试验和植物生长调节剂涂抹果穗试验,统计和分析大棚秋番茄与日光温室春番茄果穗弯折的状况。结果表明,大棚秋番茄果穗弯折后,果实纵、横径增量减小,单果质量及单穗产量下降,且果穗早弯折处理比晚弯折处理的果实纵、横径及产量降低更多。用“诱导素”涂抹大棚秋番茄第1、2层果穗主枝基部后,果穗主枝明显增粗,果穗弯折率分别比对照下降100%和93.33%;果实膨大速度加快,单果质量增加,番茄第1、2层单穗产量分别较对照增加17.99%和13.34%。大棚秋番茄果穗弯折率与果穗总长度、果穗主枝长度、果穗层次正相关。日光温室春番茄果穗弯折与不同品系及其区域分布、果穗主枝长度、果穗主枝粗度、植株节间长度、果穗枝重量、果穗木质素含量密切相关;日光温室春番茄不同品系的果穗弯折率明显不同,而且日光温室内北部区域植株果穗弯折率高于南部达85.54%;总体而言,日光温室春番茄不同品系果穗主枝和植株节间长度越长、果穗主枝越细、果穗枝越轻、果穗木质素含量越低,其果穗弯折率均相对较高,番茄果穗弯折降低了单果质量和果穗产量。In order to explore the effect of tomato fruit ear bending on fruit enlargement and yield of tomato and the causes of fruit ear bending,the fruit ear bending test of autumn tomato in plastic house and the experiment of applying plant growth regulator to fruit ear were carried out.The fruit ear bending related indexes were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the fruit ear bending caused to reduction of fruit longitudinal and transverse diameters,and single fruit mass and single fruit ear yield,moreover,early bending had more reduction than late bending treatment.After the application of inductin to the main branch base of the 1st and 2nd layers of tomato fruit ear,the thickness of fruit ear main branch were increased obviously,and fruit ear bending rate were decreased by 100%and 93.33%,respectively,with the fast enlargement and mass gain of single fruit,and tomato yield per panicle were increased by 17.99%and 13.34%in the 1st and 2nd layers,respectively.The fruit ear bending rate of autumn tomato in plastic house was positively correlated with total fruit ear length,fruit ear main branch length and fruit ear layer.The fruit ear bending of spring tomato in solar greenhouse was closely related to different tomato strains,the regional distribution,fruit ear main branch length,fruit ear branch thickness,plant internodes length,mass of fruit ear and lignin content in fruit ear.The fruit ear bending rate of different tomato strains of spring tomato in solar greenhouse was obviously different.The fruit ear bending rate of plants in the northern district was 85.54%higher than that in the southern district of solar greenhouse.Generally,for spring tomato in solar greenhouse,higher fruit ear bending rate were related with longer fruit ear main branch and plant internodes,thinner fruit ear main branch and lighter the fruit ear branch,lower lignin content in fruit ear,and fruit ear bending reduced single fruit mass and yield per fruit ear.

关 键 词：番茄 果穗 果穗弯折率 大棚 日光温室 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2