温室滴灌黄瓜产量和水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应  

Responses of yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated cucumber in greenhouse to water stress

作　　者：毋海梅 闫浩芳[1] 张川[2] 黄松 Sam Acquah Joe Wu Haimei;Yan Haofang;Zhang Chuan;Huang Song;Sam Acquah Joe(Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013 [2]江苏大学农业工程研究院,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第9期84-93,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51509107、51609103、41830863);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20150509、BK20140546);国家“十三五”重大研发项目课题(2016YFA0601501)。

摘　　要：为确定滴灌条件下温室黄瓜的适宜灌水方案,该文基于20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计水面蒸发量设计不同灌水处理,研究了滴灌条件下不同灌水处理(充分灌水T1,轻度水分亏缺T2,中度水分亏缺T3)对不同种植季节温室黄瓜生理特性、耗水量(Evapotranspiration,ET_c)、产量及水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)的影响,且于2017年8-12月(秋冬季)和2018年3-7月(春夏季)分别对不同灌水处理下土壤水分状况、作物生理指标、耗水量、产量和WUE等指标进行了系统的田间试验观测及分析。研究结果表明,随着灌水量的减小,温室黄瓜产量和WUE均呈降低趋势,不同程度的水分亏缺对黄瓜不同生育期ET_c有一定的抑制作用,在黄瓜生长任一阶段发生水分亏缺均会降低黄瓜植株的茎流速率、光合速率及气孔导度,进而可能影响黄瓜干物质的运转与积累,其中在作物生长中期,温室黄瓜茎流速率及产量对水分亏缺响应最为显著。黄瓜平均单果质量、果茎、果长和单株坐果数均随灌水量的降低而减小,黄瓜果实畸形比例随不同生长阶段水分亏缺的增大而增大。不同种植季节温室黄瓜T1处理的产量分别高出T2和T3处理的22.0%和51.2%(春夏季)、54.2%和73.9%(秋冬季);温室黄瓜T1处理的ET_c分别高出T2和T3处理的17.4%和34.9%(春夏季)、24.0%和48.0%(秋冬季);T1处理的WUE分别高出T2和T3处理的5.5%和25%(春夏季)、39.7%和50.0%(秋冬季)。综合研究结果,黄瓜发育期适宜灌溉水量为累计水面蒸发量的0.8倍,生长中、后期为累计水面蒸发量的1.2倍。研究结果对实现农业水分高效利用及促进设施作物优质、高产具有重要参考价值。To optimize the drip irrigation schedule of greenhouse cucumber is of great significance for achieving efficient use of agricultural water,promoting high yields and quality of facility crops and improving farmers'living standards.The greenhouse cucumber was planted in 2017(autumn-winter planting season)and 2018(spring-summer planting season)in the Venlo-type greenhouse of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu University.Irrigation treatments were designed based on the cumulative water surface evaporation of 20 cm standard pan and they included three irrigation levels of full irrigation(T1),light deficit irrigation(T2)and moderate deficit irrigation(T3).In the spring-summer season,the coefficients of evaporating pan were 0.8,0.6 and 0.4 at the development stage of cucumber for the treatments of T1,T2 and T3,respectively and 1.2,1.0 and 0.8 at the middle and later stages of cucumber for the treatments of T1,T2 and T3,respectively.In the autumn-winter season,the coefficients of evaporating pan were 0.9,0.75 and 0.45 at the development stage of cucumber for the treatments of T1,T2 and T3,respectively and 1.2,0.9 and 0.6 at the middle and later stages of cucumber for the treatments of T1,T2 and T3,respectively.Soil moisture,evapotranspiration,yield and water use efficiency were determined.Stem flow rate,photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were also measured.The results showed that the cucumber yield and water use efficiency had a decreasing trend with the decrease of irrigation amount.Different degrees of water deficit had certain inhibitory effects on the evapotranspiration in different growth stages of cucumber.Water deficit at any growth stage of cucumber decreased the sap flow rate,photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and decreased the accumulation of dry matter of cucumber.The average fruit weight,fruit stem diameter,fruit length and fruit number per plant decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount.The proportion of cucumber fruit malformation increased with the increase in wa

关 键 词：温室 蒸腾 蒸腾蒸发量 黄瓜 光合速率 产量 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]