水氮供应对温室滴灌番茄水氮分布及利用效率的影响  

Effects of water and N-fertilizer supplies on the distribution and use efficiency of water and nitrogen of drip-irrigated tomato in greenhouse

作　　者：张新燕[1] 王浩翔 牛文全[1,2] Zhang Xinyan;Wang Haoxiang;Niu Wenquan(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第9期106-115,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202)。

摘　　要：为探讨温室番茄水肥一体化滴灌系统优化模式,通过温室番茄滴灌施肥试验,研究田间滴灌管布置方式、灌水量、施氮肥量这3个因素对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮含量及水肥利用效率的影响。3种布置方式包括1管1行(T1)、1管2行(T2)和1管3行(T3);基于Penman-Monteith修正公式计算的潜在蒸散量(Potential Evapotranspiration,ET0)设计灌水量,3种灌水量处理包括50%ET0(W1)、70%ET0(W2)和90%ET0(W3);3种施氮肥量处理包括120(N1)、180(N2)和240 kg/hm2(N3)。采用正交试验设计,共9个处理。结果表明,不同管道布置方式土壤含水率分布趋势基本相同,土壤表层0~20 cm含水率较低,>20~40 cm土层深度土壤含水率分布较高,40 cm土层深度以下土壤含水率减小,且T1和T2布置方式较T3土壤含水率分布均匀。土壤硝态氮(NO3-N)质量分数随土层深度的增加而减小,0~30 cm土层硝态氮质量分数均值大于30~60 cm土层含量均值。T2布置方式土壤硝态氮含量均匀,深层淋失损失量小。灌水因素和施肥模式对番茄产量、水肥利用效率均有显著影响,获得番茄高产的滴灌施肥优化模式为T2(1管2行)W2(70%ET0)N3(240kg/hm2);从高效的灌溉水利用效率和肥料偏生产力考虑,其滴灌施肥最优水平组合模式分别为T2(1管2行)W2(70%ET0)N2(180 kg/hm2)和T2(1管2行)W2(70%ET0)N1(120 kg/hm2)。结果可为温室番茄滴灌施肥生产实践提供一定的技术指导。This study explored the optimal mode of drip fertigation system of tomato in greenhouse in Yangling,China(109°06'E,36°18'N).Three factors with three levels each were considered including drip irrigation pipeline layout,fertilizer-N application rate and irrigation amount.Three pipeline layout included single-plant row,two-plant row and three-plant row of one pipeline.Three irrigation amounts were 50%ET0,70%ET0 and 90%ET0(potential evapotranspiration)and ET0 was calculated based on Penman-Monteith modifier formula.Three fertilizer-N amounts were 120,180 and 240 kg/hm2.The experiment was carried out in 2018 following the orthogonal test design.During the experiment,soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen content were determined.Water use efficiency and fertilizer utilization efficiency were calculated.The results showed that the drip irrigation pipeline layout,irrigation amount and fertilizer-N amount had different effects on soil moisture content distribution,nitrate nitrogen,tomato yield and water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of greenhouse tomato.The distribution of soil water content in different drip irrigation pipeline layout was basically the same,the water content of the surface layer(0-20 cm)was lower and higher in the soil layer of 20-40 cm.The soil water content below 40 cm depth was decreased.The soil moisture content was low in the area far from the emitter but high in the area around the emitter.The moisture content distributions of single-plant row of one pipeline and two-plant row of one pipeline were much uniform than that of three-plant row of one pipeline.The soil nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)content decreased generally with the soil depth,and the mean value of the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer was greater than that at 30-60 cm.The maximum value of nitrate nitrogen content was 24.96 mg/kg in the 0-30 cm soil layer,and it was 16.71 mg/kg in the 30-60 cm soil layer.Under the same fertilizer-N treatment,the nitrate nitrogen content at the center of the test pi

关 键 词：土壤含水率 施肥 温室 硝态氮 滴灌 产量 水分利用效率 肥料偏生产力 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S157.4[农业科学—农业工程]