黑龙港流域夏玉米生育期降水、需水和干旱时空分布特征  

Characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation,water requirement and drought for summer maize growth period in Heilonggang Basin

作　　者：魏钟博 边大红[1] 杜雄[1] Pushpa Raj 崔彦宏[1] Wei Zhongbo;Bian Dahong;Du Xiong;Pushpa Raj;Cui Yanhong(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控实验室,保定071001

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第9期124-133,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划“粮食丰产科技工程”(2017YFD0300903);河北省玉米产业体系(HBCT2018020101)。

摘　　要：黑龙港流域地下水超采导致水分极度匮乏,提高降水利用效率成为该区夏玉米生产的关键。该文利用黑龙港流域18个地面气象观测站1966-2015年逐日气象数据,对玉米全生育期及各生育阶段的有效降水量、需水量、作物水分亏缺指数、干旱发生频率的时空分布特征等进行了分析。结果表明,夏玉米全生育期有效降水量292.89~361.56 mm,呈"东北高、西南低"的趋势;需水量362.82~444.04 mm,呈"南部高,北部低"的趋势;近50年总有效降水量和需水量均呈下降趋势,且需水量的变化与平均日照时数、平均风速呈高度正相关;全区干旱发生频率为48.30%,其中南部超33.3%,中部及北部超66.6%;黑龙港中部和北部在成粒和灌浆阶段出现干旱的几率较大,南部在成粒阶段出现干旱的几率较大。该研究为黑龙港夏玉米降水资源的高效利用提供了理论依据。The severe over-exploitation of groundwater led to the problems of extreme water shortage and restricted irrigation in the Heilonggang Basin.Effective use of natural precipitation was one of the key approaches to solve the problem of water requirement for maize production in the Heilonggang Basin.The objective of this study was to analyze spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of effective precipitation and water requirement for maize production and define the water deficit region.Daily meteorological data from 18 surface meteorology stations from 1966 to 2015 were collected and phenological data of summer maize in 5 typical regions of the Heilonggang Basin were observed.The calculated index included effective precipitation,water requirement,the Crop Water Deficit Index(CWDI),the frequency of drought,and the correlation between water demand and meteorological factors during the maize whole growing period and 4 important stages.The water requirement of maize was estimated by using the Penman-Monteith equation of the Food and Agriculture Organization and crop coefficient method,and the crop coefficient of summer maize was identified by previous research of Hebei Province.The spatial distribution and evolution trend of drought for summer maize in different growth stages were analyzed by using the CWDI.Furthermore,analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the all calculated index in the whole growing period and each growth stage of maize was drew by the Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW)method of ArcGIS.The results showed that the range of annual effective precipitation in the summer maize growth period was from 292.89 mm to 361.56 mm,an average of the whole growth period was 326.46 mm,and the spatial distribution of effective precipitation during the whole growth period was showed a trend of‘high in northeast and low in the southwest’.The annual average water requirement for maize ranged from 362.82 mm to 444.04 mm with an average of 395.45 mm during the whole growing period,and the s

关 键 词：降水量 蒸发蒸腾量 干旱 需水量 时空分布 夏玉米 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]