土施与叶面喷施硅肥对砂姜黑土水稻产量、光合速率及硅吸收的影响  

Effects of Soil and Foliar Application of Silicon Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Photosynthetic Rate and Silicon Uptake in Lime Concretion Black Soils

作　　者：何情情 张猛 陈猛猛 吴立鹏 张士荣[1] HE Qingqing;ZHANG Meng;CHEN Mengmeng;WU Lipeng;ZHANG Shirong(College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;Agricultural Bureau of Pingdu, Qingdao 266700, China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市平度农业农村局,山东青岛266700

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期108-112,118,共6页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业体系水稻岗位创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-17-05)。

摘　　要：针对砂姜黑土硅含量及有效性低的问题,本试验在田间条件下研究了土施与叶面喷施硅肥对砂姜黑土水稻产量、光合速率及硅吸收的影响。土壤施硅设4个施肥水平(T1-T4),施硅量分别为0、3×10^-3、6×10^-3和9×10^-3 kg·m^-2硅酸钠;叶面喷施硅肥采用水溶性多效硅肥(其含水溶性SiO2≥30%),按不同时期分为4个处理,T5:分蘖期和拔节期各施1次;T6:幼穗分化期的中期和末期各施1次;T7:长穗期的中期和末期各施1次;T8:抽穗开花期和乳熟期各1次。结果表明,在土施硅肥处理中,T4处理产量最高,为9418 kg·hm^-2,显著高于其他处理;有效分蘖率为87%,SPAD值最高达44.8,净光合速率最高达41.6μmol·s^-1·m^-2,秸秆硅含量为82.1 g·kg^-1,根际土壤中NaHCO3-Si、CA-Si含量显著高于其他处理。在叶面喷施硅肥处理中,T7处理产量为9866 kg·hm^-2,有效分蘖率为77.8%(其他处理有效分蘖率无显著差异),SPAD值达45.4,净光合速率达45.2μmol·m^-2·s^-1,秸秆部位硅含量最高,为104.2 g·kg^-1。与土施硅肥相比,叶面喷施最优处理T7水稻产量和光合指标高于土施最优处理T4,表明在长穗期的中期和末期叶面喷施水溶性多效硅肥有利于水稻硅吸收和产量建成。Aiming at the problem of low silicon content and availability in lime concretion black soil,a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of silicon fertilizer on rice yield,photosynthetic rate and silicon uptake.Four soil silicon application treatments(T1-T4)were set up,which was 0,3.0×10^-3,6.0×10^-3 and 9.0×10^-3 kg·m^-2 sodium silicate,meanwhile,four foliar application methods with water-soluble SiO 2≥30%were set up,which was T5:spraying in tillering and jointing stage,respectively,T6:spraying in the middle and late panicle differentiation stage,respectively,T7:spraying in the middle and late of the long spike stage,respectively,T8:spraying in the flowering and milking stages,respectively.The results showed that among the four soil silicon application treatments,T4 treatment was the best treatment,in which the rice yield was 9418 kg·hm^-2,the effective tillering efficiency was 87%,the SPAD value was up to 44.8 and the net photosynthetic rate was 41.6μmol·s^-1·m^-2,the silicon content in rice straw was as high as 82.1 g·kg^-1.And the available silicon content(NaHCO 3-Si、CA-Si)in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than other treatments.In the four foliar application treatments,T7 treatment was the best,in which the rice yield was 9866 kg·hm^-2,tillering efficiency was 77.8%,SPAD value was up to 45.4,the net photosynthetic rate was up to 45.2μmol·m^-2·s^-1,and the silicon content in the straw was 104.2 g·kg^-1.Compared with soil application of silicon fertilizer,the rice yield,net photosynthetic rate and straw silicon absorption content were increased,which indicated that foliar application of silicon fertilizer in long spiking stage was a good choice for silicon nutrition management for rice.

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 水稻 硅肥土施 叶面喷施 硅含量 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]