中国非税收入的顺周期研究--以国企分红为例  

A Study on China’s Pro-Cyclical Non-Tax Revenue——Taking SOE Dividend for Example

作　　者：席鹏辉[1] Xi Penghui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院

出　　处：《财政研究》2020年第6期35-47,共13页Public Finance Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国产能过剩的化解难题研究:从纳税大户角度的一个激励性解释”(项目号:71803190);中国社科院财经院青年基金项目“中国非税收入周期性研究”(项目号:2019CJY05001);国家社科基金重大项目“基本公共服务均等化建设中的地方财政体制改革研究”(项目号:18ZDA096)。

摘　　要：在逆周期财政政策实施过程中,如果非税收入表现出顺周期性,极可能弱化甚至抵消宏观政策的效应。基于数据可得性和统计口径等因素,本文选择国企分红这类非税收入为研究对象,讨论了地方税收收入波动对国企分红的实证效应。实证结果表明,国企分红具有明显的顺周期特征。进一步的研究发现,国企的抗风险能力和社会责任假说并不能解释本文的实证结果。本文为中国非税收入顺周期特征提供了一定的支持证据,其背后的政策涵义是,在当前积极财政政策实施过程中,短期内应"关前门,堵后门",长期内应逐步落实非税收入法定原则,切实降低市场主体的税费负担。In the implementation process of counter-cyclical fiscal policy,if non-tax revenue shows pro-cyclical characteristics,it is likely to weaken or even offset the effect of macro-policy.Based on data availability and statistical caliber,this paper chooses non-tax revenue such as dividend of state-owned enterprises as the research object,and discusses the empirical effect of local tax revenue fluctuation on it.The empirical results show that the dividend of state-owned enterprises has obvious pro-cyclical characteristics.Further research found that the antirisk ability and social responsibility hypothesis of state-owned enterprises cannot explain this empirical result.This paper provides supporting evidence for the pro-cyclical characteristics of China’s non-tax revenue,and implicated that in the process of implementing active fiscal policy,the contrary policy should not be taken in the short term,and the legal principle of non-tax revenue should be gradually implemented in the long term,so as to effectively reduce the tax burden of market participants.

关 键 词：非税收入 国企分红 周期性 法定原则 

分 类 号：F812[经济管理—财政学]