国家公园内保护地役权的设立和实现——美国保护地役权制度的经验和借鉴  

Establishment and Implementation of Conservation Easement in National Parks:Experience and Enlightenment of Conservation Easement Legal System in the U.S.

作　　者：张晏[1] ZHANG Yan

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2020年第3期18-25,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家林业和草原局/国家公园管理局项目“《国家公园法》立法背景研究”(20191602);北京市社会科学基金青年项目“京津冀区域横向生态补偿法律机制研究”(18FXC026);国家留学基金委员会“青年骨干教师出国研修项目”(201806035037)。

摘　　要：美国保护地役权制度源于土地资源生态系统上的连续性与权属不一之间的矛盾,以及私人土地上公共利益的保护需求。保护地役权作为基于财产权的自然资源保护的制度工具,在不改变土地权属的情况下,以持续限制部分使用权甚至施加积极义务的方式实现生态保护目标,不同于普通法上的任何役权。面对相似的问题,我国国家公园内保护地役权的设立和实施,应当以立法确认保护地役权为前提,通过分割权利束来限制土地利用方式和强度,与既有相关法律制度相结合,明确地役权协议的核心要素并推动其标准化,同时建立有效的监测和执行机制。The legal system on conservation easement in the U.S.stems from the contradiction between continuous land re-sources and different ow nerships in the ecosystem and the demand for protection of public interest in private land.Conservation ease-ment,as a resource protection tool based on property rights,limits part of land-use right or even imposes positive obligations to a chieve the goal of ecological protection without changing the ownership.It is not identical to any of servitudes in common law.In face of the similar problems and based on the enlightenment of American experience,the establishment and implementaion of conserva-tion easement in China's national parks should be based on the premise of legislative confirmation of the conservation easement.We should limit the land-use way and intensity by separated from the bundle of rights,combine with existing related legal systems,clari-fy and standardize the key elements of easement agreement,and establish ffective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms.

关 键 词：国家公园 保护地役权 财产权 土地利用 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD913