由近见左右簋铭探析西周贡纳制  

Study on the Tribute System from a New Inscription of Zuoyou Gui in Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：叶先闯 Ye Xianchuang(School of History and Culture,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjing 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,天津300387

出　　处：《学术探索》2020年第6期148-156,共9页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA179)。

摘　　要：近见左右簋,据形制纹饰考量,当为西周中期后段之器。铭记周王于穆宫内,由桓伯任傧右册命王臣"左右"继承祖考之职,于蔡国内任冢司工一事。该铭为重探西周贡纳经济体制提供新史料,通过系联扬簋、师■簋、驹父盨、兮甲盘、左右簋等铭可知,作为(冢)司工属官之一的工吏乃西周专征地方贡赋之官,在全国总中心成周之下,亦设有地方中心城负责囤积、管理并转运地方贡赋至京畿。而蔡能作为南方贡赋管理中心,一方面得益于与周王室为血亲,另一方面也是其在通往南方周道中的优越地理位置使然。周王意图通过蔡的蕃屏,借助其力量实现对地方经济控制与掠夺,以达到对地方诸侯超经济强制的目的。There is a new inscription of Zuoyou Gui recorded in Mr.Wu Zhenfeng's new book Continuation of A collection of Images and Inscription on Bronzes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties(“Mingtuxu”for short).According to the shape and ornamentation,it should be an artifact of the latter part of the Middle Western Zhou.Things recorded in the inscription include that the King appointed Zuoyou inheriting his progenitors to be Zhong Si-gong in Cai State and HuanBo as a Bin-you,and that the appointing ceremony was held in Mu Palace.This inscription has significant historical value in researching the economic system of tribute in Western Zhou Dynasty.By connecting other inscriptions,such as Yang Gui,Shiyuan Gui,Jufu Xu,Xijia Pan and Zuo-you Gui,we can know that Gongli,as one subordinate of(Zhong)Si-gong,is in charge of regional tribute,and besides the core city of the center government,Cheng-zhou,there are some regional cities,Cai,for exemple,which are responsible for the coemption,administration and transport of regional tribute to Cheng-zhou.As for why Cai State was chosen as the administration center of the southern tribute,it can be attributed to its blood relationship with the royal family of Zhou on the one hand,and its superior geographical location in the Zhoudao to the south on the other hand.Kings of Zhou intended to use Cai to control and plunder the local economy,so as to achieve the goal of super-economic power over local dukedoms.

关 键 词：左右簋 贡纳制 工吏 蔡国 西周 

分 类 号：K05[历史地理—历史学]