公法视野下的信用联合奖惩措施  

Credit Joint Reward and Punishment Measures in Perspective of Public Law

作　　者：王瑞雪[1] WANG Rui-xue(Law School of Nankai University,Tianjin 300350)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2020年第3期82-94,共13页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：天津市社科规划青年项目“作为政府监管工具的‘评级’研究”(TJFX16-002Q);福建省社会科学规划项目“共享经济模式下个人信用的法律规制”(FJ2017B008);2019年中央高校基本科研业务费项目(63192701)。

摘　　要：作为社会信用体系的核心工具,信用联合奖惩措施创设了新型评价体系、合作机制和法律责任。新型评价体系以信用语词为载体对相对人的守法、违法信息进行了重新表达,并通过考察相对人在一段时间内的既往表现形成守法肖像。应当通过厘定免于记录与评价的事项和审慎制定信用评价标准来对其进行法律约束。新型合作机制以信息共享公开为基础大幅简化了部门联合与公私联合的协同方案,可分为加强惩戒型、信息通报型和风险预防型三种类型,其中纯粹以加强惩戒为目的的联合应当最为审慎推行。部门联合应当回归"各司其职"的本质,公私联合应当回归"合作治理"的本质。新型法律责任通过"列为失信联合惩戒对象"的形式设定了"箩筐"式制裁方案,应当予以摒弃。政府应当利用丰富的信用工具箱提升监管效能,将对其进行合法性控制的法律技术回归到既有法律框架中来。As the core tool of China’s Social Credit System, credit joint reward and punishment measures create a series of new evaluation system, cooperative mechanism and legal responsibility.The new evaluation system re-evaluates the counterpart’s information and depicts law-abiding portraits by credit words.It should be legally restricted by defining the information scope strictly and establishing prudent evaluation standards.Based on information sharing and disclosure, the new cooperation mechanism greatly simplifies the course of department association and public and private partnership.It can be divided into three types: punishment strengthening, information communication and risk prevention.Among them, cooperation programs that are purely aimed at strengthening punishment should be carried out most cautiously.The department association should return to the essence of "power stipulated by law", and the public-private partnership should return to the essence of "cooperative governance".The new legal liability sets up a "laundry list"of sanctions through the form of "listed as the object of joint punishment for dishonesty", which should be abandoned.The government should make full use of the credit toolbox to improve the efficiency of supervision and return the legal control technology to the existing legal framework.

关 键 词：信用联合奖惩措施 信用评价 合作机制 信用工具 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]