鲂鲌杂交及回交F2群体的微卫星遗传结构及其生长性能分析  

Analysis of microsatellite markers and growth performance of hybrid F2 and two backcross F2 populations of Megalobrama amblycephala♀and Culter alburnus♂

作　　者：崔文涛 郑国栋[1,2,3] 苏晓磊 李宝玉 陈杰 邹曙明[1,2,3] CUI Wentao;ZHENG Guodong;SU Xiaolei;LI Baoyu;CHEN Jie;ZOU Shuming(Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部团头鲂遗传育种中心,上海201306 [2]农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2020年第6期613-623,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572220);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD26B00);上海地方高校能力建设项目(18050501900)。

摘　　要：为了指导团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)及其杂交F2、回交F2的育种工作,对两种回交F2、一种杂交F2及两种原始亲本共5个群体的遗传结构及生长性能进行研究。结果表明,团头鲂(MA)、翘嘴鲌(CA)、团头鲂♀×翘嘴鲌♂杂交F2(MC-F2)、团头鲂♀×MC♂回交F2(BC1-F2)、翘嘴鲌♀×MC♂回交F2(BC2-F2)的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为4.50、4.40、4.75、4.85、5.10,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.7683、0.5550、0.7967、0.8317、0.6200,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.6671、0.6308、0.6995、0.7240、0.6949,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.6046、0.5717、0.6406、0.6676、0.6339,BC1-F2群体的遗传多样性最高(P<0.05)。MA、MC-F2和BC1-F2群体大多数位点的Hardy-Weinberg平衡遗传偏离指数显示杂合子过量(D>0),CA、BC2-F2群体出现了杂合子缺失现象(D<0)。聚类分析显示CA与BC2-F2首先聚类,MA与BC1-F2首先聚类再与MC-F2聚类,最后这2大类聚为一支。结合Nei’s遗传距离和遗传相似度分析,其杂交与回交后代均具有母本效应。引物Me.Am.15、Me.Am.1、TTF01、Mam25在5个群体中均产生特异性条带,可作为5个群体的鉴定标记。通过对5个群体的生长性能的测量,BC1-F2群体表现出显著的生长优势。该结果对鲂鲌杂交及回交后代的种质资源保护、种群鉴定及良种的选育具有重要意义。To guide the breeding of Megalobrama amblycephala(MA)and Culter alburnus(CA),one hybrid F2[M.mblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂(MC-F2)],two backcross F2[M.amblephala♀×(M.amblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂)♂(BC1-F2)and C.alburnus♀×(M.amblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂)♂(BC2-F2)]and their parents were analyzed using twenty microsatellite markers.The mean number of alleles(Na)for MA,CA,MC-F2,BC1-F2,and BC2-F2 were 4.50,4.40,4.75,4.85,and 5.10,respectively.The mean values of observed heterozygosity(Ho)were 0.7683,0.5550,0.7967,0.8317,and 0.6200,respectively.The mean values of expected heterozygosity(He)were 0.6671,0.6308,0.6995,0.7240,and 0.6949,respectively,and the average polymorphism information contents(PIC)were 0.6046,0.5717,0.6406,0.6676,and 0.6339,respectively.The mean Hardy-Weinberg indices of MA,MC-F2,BC1-F2 displayed a heterozygote excess,whereas the gynogenetic populations(CA and BC2-F2)showed a heterozygote deficit.The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means(UPGMA)showed that the CA and BC2-F2 populations first grouped together,and then MA and BC2-F2 grouped together,and then they clustered with MC-F2.According to the genetic identity analysis,F2 hybrids and backcross F2 groups showed maternal effects.Particularly,the microsatellite primers Me.Am._15,Me.Am._1,TTF01,and Mam25 identified five groups.Growth performances of the five groups were analyzed further,and BC1-F2 groups were found to have the most significant growth advantage.Our results provide important information for the breeding,germplasm resources preservation,and germplasm identification of hybrid F2(M.mblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂),two backcross F2[M.amblephala♀×(M.amblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂)♂,and C.alburnus♀×(M.mblycephala♀×C.alburnus♂)♂].To cultivate hybrid strains with fast growth characteristics without adversely affecting the genetic background of the same or similar fish species in natural waters,backcrossing is a feasible method.This paper found that backcrossing could not only improve the superiority of vari

关 键 词：团头鲂 翘嘴鲌 杂交 回交 微卫星 遗传结构 生长性能 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]