吸气式巡航飞行器对固体超燃冲压发动机应用需求分析  

Analysis of the Application Requirements of Solid-fuel Scramjet for Air-breathing Cruise Vehicle

作　　者：蔡强[1] 赵晓宁[1] 杨玉新[2] 蒲晓航 李新田[1] Cai Qiang;Zhao Xiao-ning;Yang Yu-xin;Pu Xiao-hang;Li Xin-tian(China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing,100076;Academy of Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology,Xi’an,710025)

机构地区：[1]中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京100076 [2]航天动力技术研究院,西安710025

出　　处：《导弹与航天运载技术》2020年第3期43-48,共6页Missiles and Space Vehicles

摘　　要：为了研究吸气式巡航飞行器对固体超燃冲压发动机的总体应用需求,首先系统总结20世纪60年代以来国外吸气式巡航飞行器的发展历程以及超燃冲压发动机技术的变革,梳理飞行器总体设计、液体超燃和固体超燃冲压发动机的技术脉络,从而研判出未来吸气式巡航飞行器将向着"多平台强约束、长时间高性能、大速域宽空域"的趋势发展。然后对比分析液体超燃和固体超燃冲压发动机的优劣势,提出固体超燃冲压发动机以其独特的优势将逐渐成为支撑吸气式巡航飞行器应用的关键技术。最后详细分析吸气式巡航飞行器对固体超燃冲压发动机在长时间巡航、高比冲性能、长时间防隔热技术、高性能贫氧推进剂配方、高效燃烧组织技术和宽范围流量调节技术等方面的需求和解决措施。研究成果可以为吸气式巡航飞行器和固体超燃冲压发动机发展规划提供重要参考。The application requirements of solid-fuel scramjet for the air-breathing cruise vehicle are mainly studied.First of all,the development history of foreign air-breathing cruise vehicles and the changes of scramjet technology from 1960s are systematically summarized.The technical context of the overall aircraft,liquid-fuel scramjet and solid-fuel scramjet are combed,so as to study and judge the future trend of air-breathing cruise vehicles.Then,the advantages and disadvantages of liquid-fuel and solid-fuel scramjet are compared and analyzed.It is proposed that solid-fuel scramjet will gradually become the key technology to support the application of air-breathing cruise vehicles with its unique advantages.Finally,the requirements and solutions of solid-fuel scramjet for long-term cruise,high specific impulse performance,long-term insulation technology,high-performance propellant formulation,efficient combustion organization technology and wide range flow regulation technology are analyzed in detail.The research results can provide an important reference for the development planning of air-breathing cruise vehicle and solid scramjet.

关 键 词：巡航飞行器 固体燃料 超燃冲压 总体应用 

分 类 号：V439[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]