青饲玉米收获机械切碎装置参数优化试验  

Optimization experiment on parameters of chopping device of forage maize harvester

作　　者：薛钊 付君 陈志[2,3] 王锋德[3] 韩少平[4] 任露泉 XUE Zhao;FU Jun;CHEN Zhi;WANG Feng-de;HAN Shao-ping;REN Lu-quan(Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;China Academy of Agricultural Mechanizaiton Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;Gansu Institute of Mechanical Science Co.Ltd.,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022 [2]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022 [3]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [4]甘肃省机械科学研究院有限责任公司,兰州730030

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2020年第2期739-748,共10页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700302);工程仿生教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(K201904).

摘　　要：针对青饲玉米收获机械作业能耗大、切碎质量差的问题,利用自制青饲玉米收获机切碎试验台开展作业参数优化试验,分析作业参数对作业能耗和切碎质量的影响规律。以切碎比能耗、标准草长率为主要性能指标,切碎装置转速、喂入速度和喂入倾角为试验因素,设计单因素试验,确定各试验因素的较优水平区间;通过正交试验,建立各因素与指标之间的数学回归模型,探究各因素对指标的影响规律。试验结果表明:切碎比能耗最小时的最优作业参数组合如下:切碎器转速为1 005 r/min,喂入速度为4 m/s,喂入倾角为8.4°;标准草长率达到最高时的最优组合如下:切碎器转速为1 200 r/min,喂入速度为3.5 m/s,喂入倾角为8.5°。综合优化得到影响切碎作业性能的综合最优组合如下:切碎器转速为1 200 r/min,喂入速度为4 m/s,喂入倾角为8°。田间验证试验表明:切碎比能耗相对误差为5.23%,标准草长率相对误差为3.15%,最优作业参数综合表现良好,且回归模型可靠。Chopping is one of the most important working processes of forage maize harvester. However,high energy consumption and poor mincing quality seriously restrict the effect of chopping process. The specific energy consumption and the standard grass length were directly affected by working parameters of chopping devices. Therefore,working parameters optimization test was carried out on chopping devices of forage maize harvester. The cutter head speed,feeding speed and feeding inclination angle were selected as the test factors. The better levels of the three test factors were obtained by single factor experiment. The better levels of cutter head speed ranged from 1 000 to 1 200 r/min. The better levels of feeding speed ranged from 3 to 4 m/s. The better levels of feeding inclination angle ranged from 8° to 10°. Based on single factor test results,the optimal combination of three test factors and regression model were obtained by orthogonal test. The optimal factor combination for minimum specific energy consumption was cutter head speed 1 005 r/min,feeding speed 4 m/s,feeding angle 8.4°. The optimal factor combination of maximum standard grass rate was the cutter head speed 1 200 r/min,the feeding speed 3.5 m/s,and the feeding angle 8.5°. The optimal factor combination of chopping comprehensive weighted index was the cutter head speed 1 200 r/min,the feeding speed 4 m/s,and the feeding angle 8°. The regression models were verified by field test. The relative error of regression model of specific energy consumption was 5.23%. The relative error of regression model of standard grass rate was 3.15%.The results show that the regression models were reliable.

关 键 词：农业机械化工程 青饲玉米 收获机械 切碎 作业参数 优化试验 

分 类 号：S225.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]