喷灌水肥与种植密度互作对水氮利用效率和冬小麦产量的影响  

Effects of water-fertilizer interaltion with planting density on water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation system

作　　者：邹露阳 陈震[1] 段福义[1] 马春芽[1] 范永申[1] ZOU Luyang;CHEN Zhen;DUAN Fuyi;MA Chunya;FAN Yongshen(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture of Henan Province,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/河南省节水农业重点实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2020年第6期632-636,共5页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400104);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费资助项目(FIRI2019-01-04)。

摘　　要：为研究豫北地区喷灌水肥一体化条件下不同种植密度和施氮频次对土壤水分、硝态氮含量及冬小麦产量的影响,开展田间试验.试验设置了2个种植密度(D1为187 kg/hm2、D2为262 kg/hm2)和3个施氮频次(F1为返青后追肥1次、F2为返青后追肥2次、F3为返青后追肥3次).试验结果表明:种植密度和施氮频次均显著影响冬小麦籽粒产量,且两者间存在明显的互作效应.种植密度增大,冬小麦生育期0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量显著增加.主要生育期的根系生长层土壤含水量显著增加,其中孕穗期在100 cm土层深度的含水量D2较D1分别提高29.42%,3.10%和32.04%,灌浆期在80 cm土层深度的含水量D2较D1分别提高29.69%,27.52%和25.71%.当种植密度为262 kg/hm2,施氮频次为1次时,冬小麦产量较高,深层土层的土壤硝态氮当季残留较少.综合分析表明,该种植密度和施氮频次为当地冬小麦生育期的最优措施.To study the effects of different planting density and nitrogen application frequencies on soil moisture,nitrate nitrogen content,and winter wheat yield under the conditions of integrated irrigation and water and fertilizer application.The experiment set two planting densities(187 and 262 kg/hm2)and three nitrogen application frequencies(three times after topdressing,two times after topdressing,and one time after topdressing).The test results show that planting density and nitrogen application frequency significantly affect winter wheat grain yield,and there is a significant interaction effect between them.With the planting density increasing,the soil water storage in the winter wheat growing period from 0 to 100 cm increases significantly.The soil water content in the root growth layer of the main growing period increases significantly,and the water content at the depth of 100 cm in the booting stage increases.Compared with D1,it increases by 29.42%,3.10%and 32.04%.While the water content at the depth of 80cm soil layer during the grouting period increases by 29.69%,27.52%and 25.71%compared with D1.When the planting density is 262 kg/hm2 and the frequency of nitrogen application is once,the yield of winter wheat is higher,and the soil nitrate nitrogen in the deep soil layer is less in the season.Comprehensive analysis shows that the planting density and nitrogen application frequency are the local winter wheat growth best practice.

关 键 词：冬小麦 水肥一体化 施氮频率 产量 喷灌 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]