桂东北坡地果园生草栽培减流减沙效应  

Effects of Runoff and Sediment Reduction by Sod Culture in Sloping Orchards in Northeastern Guangxi Region

作　　者：李婷婷 何铁光 俞月凤 董文斌 韦彩会 唐红琴 李忠义 Li Tingting;He Tieguang;Yu Yuefeng;Dong Wenbin;Wei Caihui;Tang Hongqin;Li Zhongyi(Agricultural College,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2020年第2期31-36,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项“国家绿肥产业技术体系建设”(CARS-22);广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA17204097);广西农业科学院科技发展基金资助项目(桂农科2017JM09)。

摘　　要：[目的]对桂东北坡地果园生草栽培的减流减沙效应进行研究,为该区坡地果园的水土保持工作的顺利开展提供科学参考。[方法]野外自然降雨条件下对比分析不同坡度(即坡度为12°,23°,42°)金桔园分别间套雀稗和白花藿香蓟的减流减沙数据。[结果]①当坡度为12°时,降雨量对雀稗及白花藿香蓟的坡面产流产沙有显著影响(p<0.05);②同一生草栽培下,坡面产流产沙量随着坡度增大而增大,相对于清耕,雀稗减少坡面产流产沙量分别为33.06%~50.35%和67.09%~77%,白花藿香蓟减少坡面产流产沙量分别为21.89%~28.85%及41.65%~47%,雀稗减流减沙效果优于白花藿香蓟;③生草栽培、坡度及两者的交互作用对坡面产流产沙均有极显著的影响(p<0.001)。随着坡度的升高,生草栽培对坡面产流产沙的作用逐渐减弱,而坡度的作用逐渐增强,但雀稗对坡面产沙的作用始终大于坡度。[结论]研究区内同一坡度下雀稗减流减沙效果优于白花藿香蓟,生草栽培对坡面产流产沙的作用随着坡度增加逐渐减小,而坡度的作用逐渐增强,雀稗对坡面产沙的作用始终大于坡度。[Objective]The effects of runoff and sediment reduction by orchard grass cultivation in Northeast Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was studied,in order to provide scientific reference for the development of soil and water conservation in this area.[Methods]Under the condition of natural rainfall,the runoff and sediment data of Paspalum thunbergii and Ageratum conyzoides were compared and analyzed in different slopes(i.e.12°,23°,42°).[Results]①When the slope was 12°,rainfall had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield of Paspalum thunbergii and Ageratum conyzoides(p<0.05).②Under the same life cultivation,the runoff and sediment yield increased with the increase of slope gradient.Compared with the clear cultivation,the runoff and sediment yield of Paspalum thunbergii decreased by 33.06%~50.35%and 67.09%~77%,respectively,while that of Ageratum conyzoides decreased by 21.89%~28.85%and 41.65%~47%,respectively.The runoff and sediment reduction effect of Paspalum thunbergii was better than that of Ageratum conyzoides.③The interaction effects of slope and grass cultivation were significant on runoff and sediment yield(p<0.001).With the increase of slope,the effects of grass cultivation on runoff and sediment yield on slope were gradually weakened,while the effect of slope was gradually enhanced.Nevertheless,the effect of Paspalum thunbergii cultivation on slope sediment yield was always greater than that of the slope.[Conclusion]The runoff and sediment reduction effect of Paspalum thunbergii was better than that of Ageratum conyzoides in the same slope.The effect of grass cultivation on runoff and sediment production on slope decreased with the increase of slope,while the effect of slope increased gradually.The effect of Paspalum thunbergii on slope sediment yield was always greater than slope.

关 键 词：果园 生草栽培 坡度 产流 产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]