无创肌肉状态诊断技术(TMG)在中国男篮体能训练中的应用  

Application of TMG in physical training of China National Men's Basketball Team

作　　者：卓金源 王卫星[2] 陈小虎 杨磊 ZHUO Jinyuan;WANG Weixing;CHEN Xiaohu;YANG Lei(Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;Beijing University of Sport, Beijing 100084, China;Southwest University, Chongqing 400715;Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084 [3]西南大学,重庆400715 [4]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2020年第2期79-88,共10页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：中国人民大学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(18XNF003))。

摘　　要：以中国男篮备战第28届亚锦赛的过程为基础,测试并记录无创肌肉状态诊断技术(TMG)在体能训练中的应用,分析其对于诊断运动员肌肉状态、优化体能训练、有效预防损伤和监控康复的原理,为我国高水平运动队体能训练科学化提供参考和借鉴。方法:以肌肉收缩时间(Tc)、肌肉反应时间(Td)、肌肉持续紧张时间(Ts)、肌肉放松时间(Tr)、肌肉的径向最大位移(Dm)、肌肉对称性为测试指标,共进行4次集体肌肉状态测试,并对运动员个体进行追踪监测,所有测试均于晚间运动员结束放松治疗后进行。结果:与3月份的测试相比,大腿前侧、后侧肌群,臀部以及脊柱核心肌群肌肉收缩时间在4月的测试中均有明显缩短(P<0.01),右股内侧肌和右臀大肌提高效果最为显著,变化率分别为26.82%和25.02%。7月份的测试成绩显示,运动员肌肉收缩时间有了较明显的延长,肌群肌肉的前后变化都达到了非常显著水平(P<0.01)。9月份的测试中,运动员大腿前、后侧以及臀部与核心肌群的肌肉收缩时间明显缩短(P<0.01),低于之前的每一次测试。对运动员A的初始诊断发现,左右两侧股二头肌和股直肌对称性分别为51%和66%,存在受伤风险。经过调整训练后,其两侧肌肉对称性分别为85%和87%,肌肉收缩时间分别缩短31.9%和52%。结论:1)TMG参数中肌肉收缩时间(Tc)可以作为主要的参考指标,准确地反映肌肉收缩状态。2)TMG技术可以准确地反映肌肉疲劳状态和肌肉两侧对称性,对于优化体能训练和预防运动损伤具有非常重要的作用。3)TMG技术可以为训练提供客观、准确的依据并确立出发点,同时能够较好地检验训练效果。4)TMG技术设备相对简单,操作方便,具有简捷性、重复性、客观性、选择性、高度灵敏性和非介入性等特点,可以通过相关参数将肌肉收缩特性表现出来,并且能够准确地反映神经肌肉的状态。Based on the process of China National Men's Basketball Team preparing for the 28th Asian Championship,this study tests and records the application of non-invasive muscle state diagnostic technology(TMG)in physical training and analyzes what is the principle of TMG to diagnoses athletes'muscle status,optimizes physical training,prevents injury effectively and monitors recovery.This study can provide references for physical training in high-level sports teams in China.Method:In the whole preparing process it can be divided into four parts of muscle state tests according to overall training plan.Each test is according to the testing parameter of muscle contraction time(Tc),muscle reaction time(Td),muscle duration(Ts),muscle relaxation time(Tr),maximum radial displacement of muscle(Dm)and the muscular symmetry.The plan also needs to track and monitor individual athlete and all tests were performed after they ended the relaxation treatment at night.Results:Compared with the test in March,the test in April showed that the contraction time of anterior and posterior muscles of the thigh,the buttocks,and the core muscles of the spine was significantly shortened(P<0.01),and the improvement was most significant in the right medial and right gluteus with the change rates 26.82%and 25.02%,respectively.The test results in July showed that the muscle contraction time of the athletes was significantly prolonged,and the changes of the muscles reached a very significant level(P<0.01).Compared with the test results in July,the muscle contraction speed of the anterior and posterior of the thigh,the hip and core muscles of the athletes was significantly shortened(P<0.01)in the test in September.The contraction time was lower than the previous tests,which proved the player's muscle reached optimal state before the game.The initial diagnosis of athlete A found that the symmetry of the left and right biceps femoris and rectus femoris were 51%and 66%,respectively,and there was a risk of injury.After adjustment training,the muscle symmet

关 键 词：体能训练 无创肌肉状态诊断技术 男篮 中国 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]