黑龙江省西部干旱地区玉米主要农艺性状与产量的多元分析  

Multivariate Analysis on the Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Maize in the Arid Area of Western Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：周长军[1] ZHOU Chang-jun(Daqing Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2020年第4期15-22,共8页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为探讨黑龙江省西部干旱地区玉米新品种主要农艺性状的变异及其在产量构成中的作用,从而提高新品种培育的效率,以23个玉米品种为试验材料,对14个农艺性状进行了变异、相关、通径和主成分分析。结果表明:参试品种的14个农艺性状的遗传多样性丰富,变异系数在1.64%~99.59%;在相关分析中小区产量与单穗粒重(r=0.6641)极显著正相关,与穗粗(r=0.5493)、出籽率(r=0.4362)呈显著正相关;通径分析中,穗粗对产量的直接通径系数最大(0.4382),其次是株高(0.4285)、出籽率(0.3071);主成分分析显示,将玉米的14个主要农艺性状简化为5个综合指标,其累积贡献率为76.57%,其中对产量贡献较大的因子为出籽率(0.784)和单穗粒重(0.733),在计算主成分综合得分中,QY13综合性状中得分最高,表现突出。综合分析表明,在黑龙江省西部干旱区穗粗、单穗粒重和出籽率是直接影响玉米产量的重要性状,同时应注意其他性状的关联。In order to explore the variation of main agronomic traits of new maize varieties in the arid area of Western Heilongjiang Province and its role in yield composition,so as to improve the efficiency of new variety cultivation.The variation,correlation,path and principal component analysis of 14 agronomic traits on 23 maize varieties were studied.The results showed that the genetic diversity of 14 agronomic traits of the tested varieties was rich,and the coefficient of variation was between 1.64%and 99.59%.In the correlation analysis,there was a significant positive correlation between plot yield and single ear grain weight(r=0.6641),and a significant positive correlation with ear diameter(r=0.5493),seed yield(r=0.4362).In the path analysis,the direct path coefficient of ear diameter(0.4382)to yield was the largest,followed by plant height(0.4285),seed yield(0.3071);The results of principal component analysis showed that the 14 main agronomic traits of maize were simplified into 5 comprehensive indexes,and the cumulative contribution rate was 76.57%,among which the factors contributing more to the yield were seed yield(0.784)and grain weight per ear(0.733).QY13 had the highest score and outstanding performance in calculating the comprehensive score of principal component.The comprehensive analysis shows that ear diameter,grain weight per ear and seed yield are important traits that directly affect corn yield in the arid area of Western Heilongjiang Province,and the correlation of other traits should be paid attention to.

关 键 词：农艺性状 变异系数 相关分析 通径分析 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]