添加生物炭对设施菜田土壤氮迁移的影响  

Effect of Biochar Addition on Soil Nitrogen Migration in Greenhouse Vegetable Field

作　　者：王耀 张蕾[1] 焦晓光[1,2] 陈一民[3] 隋跃宇[3] Wang Yao;Zhang Lei;Jiao Xiaoguang;Chen Yimin;Sui Yueyu(College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Key Laboratory of Cold Black Soil Resources Utilization and Protection,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]东北农业大学寒地黑土利用与保护重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第16期91-95,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技部重点研发计划项目“农田氮磷淋溶损失污染与防控机制研究”(2016YFD0800100);东北农业大学寒地黑土利用与保护重点实验室项目“不同水肥管理对设施菜田黑土氮淋溶的影响”。

摘　　要：为探究生物炭田添加对设施菜田土壤氮迁移的影响,在设施黑土菜田进行常规水肥(WF)、常规水肥+生物炭(WFB)、80%水80%肥+生物炭(80%WFB)处理的田间对比试验,系统研究生物炭施加对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮迁移规律的影响。结果表明,在0~100 cm土层内,随着土层深度的增加土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低,施加生物炭(WFB、80%WFB)可明显降低不同土层铵态氮、硝态氮淋失量;施加生物炭的WFB、80%WFB处理铵态氮淋失量在0~60 cm土层比对照(WF)降低了52.87%、49.39%(P<0.05);施加生物炭的WFB处理硝态氮淋失量在0~40 cm土层比对照(WF)降低了32.22%(P<0.05)。茄子生育期内,施加生物炭的WFB、80%WFB处理可以增加苗期、初果期土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量,抑制土壤硝态氮淋失,对盛果期、拉秧期铵态氮、硝态氮含量无影响。综上,生物炭的施加能有效抑制设施菜田土壤氮的淋失迁移。To explore the effect of biochar application on soil nitrogen transfer in greenhouse vegetable field,regular irrigation and fertilizer(WF), regular irrigation and fertilizer+ biochar(WFB), 80% irrigation and 80%fertilizer+ biochar(80%WFB) in black soil of greenhouse vegetable field were conducted and the effects of biochar addition on ammonia and nitrate were studied. The results showed that in the 0-100 cm soil, with the increase of soil depth, the content of nitrate decreased gradually, and the leaching amount of ammonium and nitrate in different soil layers decreased significantly when biochar(WFB, 80% WFB) was applied. The leaching amount of ammonium in the 0-60 cm soil layer under WFB and 80%WFB was 52.87% and 49.39%lower than that of the control(WF)(P<0.05), respectively;the leaching amount of nitrate in 0-40 cm soil layer under WFB was 32.22% lower than that in WF(P<0.05). During the growth period of eggplant, the application of biochar could increase the content of soil ammonium and nitrate at seedling stage and early fruit stage, thus inhibiting the leaching amount of nitrate in soil;however, the application of biochar had no effect on the content of ammonium and nitrate at full fruit stage and uproot stage. In conclusion, the application of biochar could effectively inhibit the leaching and migration of nitrogen in greenhouse vegetable field.

关 键 词：生物炭 设施菜田黑土 铵态氮 硝态氮 迁移 

分 类 号：S155.4[农业科学—土壤学]