有机肥替代化肥对土壤肥力及番茄产量和品质的影响  

Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure:Effects on Soil Fertility and Tomato Yield and Quality

作　　者：张新建[1] 宁晓光[1] 郑桂亮 孔凡涛 赵秋[1] Zhang Xinjian;Ning Xiaoguang;Zheng Guiliang;Kong Fantao;Zhao Qiu(Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin 300383;Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300061;Jizhou District Forestry Administration,Tianjin 301900)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300383 [2]天津市农业发展服务中心,天津300061 [3]蓟州区林业局,天津301900

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第14期59-63,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题“津郊设施蔬菜主产区面源污染防治技术示范”(2018YFD0800405);天津市农业科学院院长基金项目“浓缩沼液肥用技术研究”(17017);天津市蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目“蔬菜营养与施肥岗位”(ITTVRS2017012)。

摘　　要：为研究如何通过减少化肥施用量达到合理施肥的问题,通过田间试验,研究不同量有机肥替代化肥对土壤肥力及番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明,以有机肥替代化肥能显著提高番茄叶片的叶绿素相对含量和叶片氮素含量,促进番茄的生长。随着有机肥替代化肥量的增加,0~20 cm土壤有机质得到明显提升,从26.02 g/kg提升到33.77 g/kg,增幅为30%;硝态氮含量从100%化肥处理的143.68 mg/kg降到100%有机肥处理的116.47 mg/kg;速效钾的含量随着有机肥替代化肥量的增加呈递减的趋势。番茄中的硝酸盐含量与氮素化肥的施用量呈正相关,随着有机肥替代化肥量的增加,果实的硝酸盐含量降低;试验各处理对番茄的Vc没有显著影响。从产量数据看,各处理之间没有显著差异,其中有机肥替代60%化肥的产量最高,因此有机肥替代化肥具有促进植物生长、提高产量的效果。The paper aims to study how to achieve rational fertilization by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application.Field experiments were conducted to study the effects on soil fertility and tomato yield and quality under the condition of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure.The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could significantly increase the relative leaf chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen of tomato and promote the growth of tomato.With the increase of organic manure application,the organic matter in 0-20 cm soil increased significantly by 30%from 26.02 g/kg to 33.77 g/kg.The content of nitrate nitrogen decreased from 143.68 mg/kg under 100%fertilizer treatment to 116.47 mg/kg under 100%organic manure treatment,and the content of available potassium decreased with the increase of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure.The nitrate content in tomato was positively correlated with the application of nitrogen fertilizer.With the increase of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer,the nitrate content of tomato decreased,and there was no significant effect on Vc of tomato.As to the tomato yield,there was no significant difference among different treatments,but replacing 60%of chemical fertilizer with organic manure had the highest yield.So,replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure could improve plant growth and increase yield.

关 键 词：有机肥 化肥 番茄 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学]