四大自然区域和全国玉米土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统  

Corn Fertilizer Recommendation System Based on Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil N in Four Great Natural Regions and Whole China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 张吉萍 冮丽华 吕玉才 王应海 Sun Hongren;Zhang Jiping;Gang Lihua;Lv Yucai;Wang Yinghai(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Beijing Liukai Agriculture Sci.&Tech Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100095;Beijing Potato Net Agriculture Science Academy,Beijing 100043;Beijing Cofine Sci.&Tech Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100095;Beijing Insentek Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100086)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]北京六凯农业科技有限公司,北京100095 [3]北京薯网农业科学研究院,北京100043 [4]凯风新农(北京)科技有限公司,北京100095 [5]北京东方润泽生态科技股份有限公司,北京100086

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第14期80-87,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“现代牧草产业技术体系”(CARS-35)。

摘　　要：为了给玉米测土施氮提供科学依据,采用零散理论数据整合法、土壤养分含量与缺素处理相对产量回归方程法和"养分平衡-地力差减法"确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了东北平原、黄淮海平原、黄土高原、西南山地丘陵区和全国玉米土壤氮素丰缺指标与适宜施氮量研究。结果表明:东北平原玉米土壤碱解氮第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥417、263~417、166~263、105~166、67~105、42~67、<42 mg/kg,黄淮海平原依次为≥177、124~177、87~124、61~87、42~61、30~42、<30 mg/kg,黄土高原依次为≥191、131~191、90~131、62~90、43~62、30~43、<30 mg/kg,西南山地丘陵区依次为≥349、221~349、140~221、88~140、56~88、36~56、<36 mg/kg;全国玉米土壤全氮第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥3.5、2.1~3.5、1.2~2.1、0.70~1.2、0.42~0.70、0.25~0.42、<0.25 g/kg;全国玉米土壤有机质第2~7级丰缺指标依次为≥58、30~58、15~30、7.4~15、3.8~7.4、<3.8 g/kg。当氮肥当季利用率40%时,土壤氮素丰缺级别第1~7级的籽实玉米(目标产量6~15 t/hm^2)适宜施氮量范围依次为0~0、35~86、69~173、104~259、138~345、173~431、207~518 kg/hm^2,青贮玉米(目标产量30~120 t/hm^2)依次为0~0、30~120、60~240、90~360、120~480、150~600和180~720 kg/hm^2。To provide a scientific basis for corn N fertilization,the abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil N and the appropriate N fertilizer application rates(ANFAR)for corn in the northeast plain,the Huang-huai-hai plain,the loess plateau,the southwest hilly area and the whole China were studied.The methods of scattered theoretical data integration,regression equation between soil N content and relative yield of no N fertilizer treatment,and the new applied formula based on"nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield"for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed.The results showed that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen(SAHN)for corn in the northeast plain for the first to the seventh level(FTSL)was≥417,263-417,166-263,105-166,67-105,42-67 and<42 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of SAHN for corn in the Huang-huai-hai plain was≥177,124-177,87-124,61-87,42-61,30-42 and<30 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of SAHN of corn in the loess plateau were≥191,131-191,90-131,62-90,43-62,30-43 and<30 mg/kg,respectively.ADI of SAHN for corn in the southwest hilly area was≥349,221-349,140-221,88-140,56-88,36-56 and<36 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil total nitrogen for corn in the whole China for the FTSL were≥3.5,2.1-3.5,1.2-2.1,0.70-1.2,0.42-0.70,0.25-0.42 and<0.25 g/kg.The ADI of soil organic matter for corn in the whole China for the second to the seventh level were≥58,30-58,15-30,7.4-15,3.8-7.4 and<3.8 g/kg,respectively.When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season was 40%,the range of the ANFAR for grain corn(target yield of 6-15 t/hm^2)for the FTSL was 0-0,35-86,69-173,104-259,138-345,173-431 and 207-518 kg/hm^2,respectively.The range of the ANFAR for silage corn(target yield of 30-120 t/hm^2)for the FTSL was 0-0,30-120,60-240,90-360,120-480,150-600 and 180-720,respectively.

关 键 词：中国 玉米 青贮玉米 测土施肥 碱解氮 全氮 有机质 丰缺指标 施肥量 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S519[农业科学—农业基础科学]