黑龙江省水稻生长季极端降水及洪涝时空演变特征  

Extreme Precipitation and Flood Disaster During Rice Growth Season in Heilongjiang:Temporal-spatial Distribution Features

作　　者：曲辉辉[1,2,3] 王冬冬 王萍[1,2,3] 王晾晾[1,2,3] 宫丽娟 朱海霞[1,2,3] 王秋京 姜丽霞[1,2,3] Qu Huihui;Wang Dongdong;Wang Ping;Wang Liangliang;Gong Lijuan;Zhu Haixia;Wang Qiujing;Jiang Lixia(Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Science,Harbin 150030;Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast,China Meteorological Administration,Harbin 150030;Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang,Harbin 150030;Logistic Service Center,Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省气象院士工作站,哈尔滨150030 [4]黑龙江省气象局机关服务中心,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第14期119-129,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“寒地水稻洪涝致灾机制与灾损量化综合评估方法研究”(31671575);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放研究基金项目“黑龙江省玉米生理需水与自然降水耦合度研究”(stqx201809)。

摘　　要：为了合理规避极端降水带来的洪涝灾害,有效保障水稻安全生产。本研究基于黑龙江省69个气象台站1971-2016年降水资料和历史洪涝记载资料,利用方差分析和Mann-Kendall检验方法,分析了黑龙江省水稻生长季极端降水和洪涝时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)极端降水指数(EPI)5月、6月和9月在2010s最突出,7月和10月在1990s最突出,8月在1980s最突出;(2)根据典型因子,7月多雨时段为1990s,8月多雨时段为1980s;(3)水稻洪涝多发生在7月,7月和8月水稻洪涝历史高发时段分别为1990s和1980s。To avoid flood disaster caused by extreme precipitation and effectively guarantee the security of rice production,based on the precipitation data from 69 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2016 and historical flood disaster records in Heilongjiang,by using the variance analysis and Mann-Kendall method,we analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation and flood disaster during rice growth season in Heilongjiang.The results showed that:(1)the extreme precipitation indices(EPI)in May,June and September were the highest in 2010 s,and the EPI in July and October were the highest in 1990 s,and the EPI in August was the highest in 1980 s;(2)on the basis of typical factor,the precipitation in July was the most in1990 s,and the precipitation in August was the most in 1980 s;(3)the flood disaster of rice occurred mostly in July;the flood disaster of rice in July and August occurred mostly in 1990 s and 1980 s,respectively.

关 键 词：水稻 极端降水 洪涝 时空分布 黑龙江 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]