和平与无序:罗马共和国对外战争再思考  

Peace and Anarchy:Reexamination on the Expansion of the Roman Republic

作　　者：王悦[1] WANG Yue

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2020年第3期112-118,212,共8页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：华师范大学2019年度人文社会科学青年预研究项目(2019ECNU-YYJ002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：罗马共和国的对外战争是罗马史研究最为经典的论题之一,20世纪80年代后扩张性帝国理论成为学界主流,立足于经济利益和军事文化两大要素。值得注意的是,罗马对外战争的性质和作用从公元前2世纪上半叶悄然改变,罗马和平在意大利和个别行省逐步实现,军事性社会向民事社会转变。地中海东部希腊化世界的无序状态酝酿出竞争激烈的国际系统,希腊化王国间的兵戈扰攘、王朝统治者的霸权意识都为罗马共和国的对外战争做出生动的说明。Military conquest in Republican Rome is one of the intensely debated subjects.The aggressive pattern has been well accepted by the academic world since the 1980s,based on two main factors:the economic profit and the military culture.The structural arguments always appeared with inadequate factual arguments to explain the Roman expansion.However,the character and effects of the wars appeared to shift from the 2nd century BC.Roman peace came into being in Italy and inner provinces,with its profound transition from military society to civilian society.But the ancient international situation was far more complicated,such as the anarchy and competition in the Hellenistic World.As long as wars among Hellenistic dynasties and their ideology of conquest were well-maintained,Roman expansion was not an exception.

关 键 词：罗马共和国 对外战争 帝国主义 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]