植被覆盖岩溶山峰对喀斯特城市小气候的影响  

Influence of Karst Hills Covered by Vegetation on Microclimatic Effects in Karst City

作　　者：王修信[1,2] 王恺宁 王敏华 毕娟 汤谷云[1] 罗涟玲[1] 孙涛[3] WANG Xiu-xin;WANG Kai-ning;WANG Min-hua;BI Juan;TANG Gu-yun;LUO Lian-ling;SUN Tao(College of Computer Science and Information Technology,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China;Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining&Security,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China;College of life Science,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学计算机科学与信息工程学院,桂林541004 [2]广西师范大学广西多源信息挖掘与安全重点实验室,桂林541004 [3]广西师范大学生命科学学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第3期975-980,共6页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41561008);广西自然科学基金(2014GXNSFAA118289)。

摘　　要：针对快速城市化背景中国南方喀斯特城市呈现的热环境问题,在桂林城区实验观测毗邻和远离茂密植被覆盖岩溶山峰样地的空气温湿度、地表温度的日变化,遥感估算岩溶山峰周围不同距离的建筑/道路地表温度的差值,估算岩溶山峰和远离岩溶山峰、较大水体的林地、草坪等地表温度的差值。结果表明,毗邻岩溶山峰的草坪和石板地面的空气温度和地表温度均分别低于远离岩溶山峰的相同类型地面的观测值,空气温度差最大值接近3.0℃,不同样地石板地面之间、草坪之间地表温度差最大值分别接近4.0、3.0℃,而空气相对湿度高于远离岩溶山峰的相同类型地表的观测值,最大差值均接近11.0%。茂密森林植被覆盖的大型岩溶山峰的地表温度与地面园林植物园大面积人工林地的数值接近,但比面积相对较小的绿化林地的数值低2.0~3.0℃,比地面远离岩溶山峰和较大水体的大面积草坪的数值低约3.5~6.0℃。在岩溶山峰周围的建筑/道路的地表温度随离开山峰边缘距离的增加而升高,当离开距离增加30 m时,在距离90 m范围内升温幅度约0.5℃,相对较显著,而超过此范围距离达到90~150 m范围时升温约0.1~0.2℃,甚微。植被覆盖的岩溶山峰对调节喀斯特城市小气候环境具有重要作用。In order to analyze the thermal environmental problems resulted from rapid urbanization in the karst cities of southern China,the diurnal variation of air temperature,humidity and land surface temperature were measured at study sites adjacent to and away from karst hills covered by vegetation in urban area of Guilin.The surface temperature differences of buildings and roads at different distances away from karst hills were estimated with remote sensing data.Also the differences of land surface temperatures between karst hills and forest,lawns away from karst hills and large water bodies were calculated.Results show that the air temperature over and land surface temperature of flagstone pavement and lawn adjacent to karst hills were lower than those over and of the same land cover categories away from karst hills.The maximum differences of air temperature reach 3.0℃.The maximum differences of land surface temperatures between flagstone pavements and between lawns at different study sites approach 4.0℃and 3.0℃respectively.At the same time,the air humidity over flagstone pavement or lawn adjacent to karst hills was higher than that over same land cover category away from karst hills with the maximum difference close to 11.0%.The surface temperatures of large karst hills covered with dense forest are close to that of forest accounted for a large area at the botanical garden on the ground,about 2.0 to 3.0℃lower than that of forest occupied a relatively small area on the ground,and about 3.5 to 6.0℃lower than that of the lawns with a large area away from karst hills and large water bodies.The surface temperatures of buildings and roads near karst hills rise with the increase of distances away from the edge of karst hills.The surface temperature rises notably about 0.5℃within the 90 m range,from only 0.1 to 0.2℃in the range of 90 to 150 m as the distance away from the edge of karst hill increase 30 m.Karst hills covered by vegetation play an important role in adjusting the microclimate in karst city.

关 键 词：喀斯特城市 岩溶山峰 植被覆盖 小气候效应 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学]