哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯主要盐湖卤虫卵生物学和营养学特性分析  

Comparison of Biological and Nutritional Characteristics of Artemia Cysts in Kazakhstani and Russian Salt Lakes

作　　者：杜东东 高美荣 张波 隋丽英 DU Dongdong;GAO Meirong;ZHANG Bo;SUI Liying(Asia Regional Artemia Reference Center,College of Marine and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]亚洲区域卤虫参考中心,天津科技大学海洋与环境学院,天津300457

出　　处：《天津科技大学学报》2020年第3期57-62,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Science & Technology

基　　金：天津市科技支撑重点资助项目(17ZXZYNC00060);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项目(IRT-17R81)。

摘　　要：为了解析中亚地区盐湖卤虫卵品系特性并促进其在水产育苗中有效应用,本研究对原产于哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯盐湖的商品卤虫卵进行生物学和营养学特性分析,结果表明:水合卵径为251.3~287.1μm,属较大型卤虫卵;脱壳卵径为235.5~265.2μm;卵壳厚度为4.9~12.2μm,与水合卵径大小无明显相关性;Ⅰ期无节幼体体长范围为429.1~500.8μm.选择产量较大且较稳定的Tike、Halibiekoe和Kuchuk盐湖卤虫卵(分别命名为K3、K4和R3),测定其在25℃、28℃和31℃孵化率和同步性,发现K3品系在3个温度下孵化率无显著差异(P>0.05),28℃孵化率最高,为(89.0±1.7)%,25℃孵化同步性最好,为7.7 h,该品系适应温度范围较广;K4和R3品系在3个温度下孵化率差异显著(P<0.05),25℃孵化率最大,分别为(88.0±2.6)%和(85.3±2.1)%,且同步性也较好,分别为8.2 h和7.4 h,说明这两个品系适于较低温度孵化.11个品系脱壳卤虫卵蛋白质含量(以干质量计)为49.19%~54.09%,脂肪酸含量(以干质量计)为92.81~144.86 mg/g,所有品系均含有EPA(C20:5),含量(以干质量计)为0.63~13.24 mg/g.In order to analyze the characteristics of Artemia cysts in Central Asian salt lakes and promote their effective use in aquatic breeding,the biometrics and nutritional quality of Artemia strains from Kazakhstani and Russian salt lakes were analyzed.The results indicate that the diameter of the hydrated cysts and decapsulated cysts ranged from 251.3 to 287.1μm and 235.5 to 265.2μm,respectively,so they can be considered bigger cysts in general.The chorion thickness ranged from 4.9 to 12.2μm,which is irrelevant to the cysts’diameters.The length of instarⅠnauplii ranged from 429.1 to 500.8μm.Three strains of larger and stable harvest from Tike,Halibiekoe and Kuchuk lakes(named K3,K4 and R3,respectively)were selected to determine the hatching percentage and synchrony at 25℃,28℃and 31℃,respectively.Although the maximum hatching rate(89.0±1.7)%was obtained at 28℃and the best hatching synchrony(7.7 h)was obtained at 25℃,no significant difference was observed in hatching percentage of K3 at the three temperatures(P>0.05),indicating that the hatching performance of K3 adapts to a wide temperature range.On the other hand,the hatching percentage of K4 and R3 was significantly different at the three temperatures(P<0.05).At 25℃,the highest value of K4 and R3 was(88.0±2.6)%and(85.3±2.1)%,respectively,and better hatching synchrony(8.2 h and 7.4 h)was obtained for K4 and R3 at 25℃,indicating that the hatching performance of the two strains is better at lower temperature.The protein content of the eleven strains ranged from 49.19%dw to 54.09%dw,and the total fatty acid content ranged from 92.81 mg/g dw to 144.86 mg/g dw.EPA(C20∶5)was detected in all the Artemia cysts,ranging from 0.63 mg/g dw to 13.24 mg/g dw.

关 键 词：卤虫卵 卵径 孵化率 孵化同步性 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA) 

分 类 号：P745[天文地球—海洋生物学] S932[天文地球—海洋科学]