玉溪烤烟适产养分临界值施肥体系研究  

Fertilization System of Nutrient Critical Value for Optimum Yield of Tobacco in Yuxi

作　　者：陈检锋[1] 陈华[1] 尹梅[1] 王志远[1] 洪丽芳[1] 苏帆[1] 李国宏 付利波[1] Chen Jianfeng;Chen Hua;Yin Mei;Wang Zhiyuan;Hong Lifang;Su Fan;Li Guohong;Fu Libo(Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Kunming Branch Songming Sub-division of Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Branch,Company,Songming 651700)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [2]昆明市烟草公司嵩明分公司,嵩明651700

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第11期43-48,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：十三五重点研发计划“构建源头削减-生物隔离-湿地消纳相结合的高效生态拦截技术体系”(2017YFD0800505);红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司项目“红塔玉溪基地单元K326高端品牌烟叶生产技术示范”(红塔-2011-s-6013081)。

摘　　要：为研究玉溪烤烟精准施肥方法,采用田间试验研究当季施肥量、土壤养分与‘K326’烟叶产量、净产值的关系。结果表明,各试验点产量、均价、净产值、烟叶品质表现最高的均为N2P2K2(当地推荐施肥量)处理。不同试验点缺肥处理产量与土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量之间呈正相关关系,土壤养分校正系数与土壤速效养分含量间的回归方程为yN=0.3246-0.04lnxN,yP=0.7061-0.116lnxP,yK=0.6244-0.089lnxK(yN、yP、yK分别为土壤氮素、磷素和钾素养分有效系数,xN、xP、xK分别为土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量)。根据最佳经济施肥量和植烟土壤中有效养分供给含量,确定在各试验点‘K326’获得优质烟叶的适产养分临界值:海拔1500~1800 m,水稻土为植烟土壤的田烟‘K326’获得2700 kg/hm^2以上优质烟叶的适产养分临界值为N (161.955±18.345) kg/hm^2,P2O5(77.610±12.12) kg/hm^2,K2O (349.95±45.675) kg/hm^2;海拔在1500~2000 m,以红壤为植烟土壤的地烟‘K326’获得2250 kg/hm^2以上优质烟叶的适产养分临界值为N (138.945±30.705) kg/hm^2,P2O5(65.295±17.34) kg/hm^2,K2O (306.48±49.905) kg/hm^2。The paper aims to study the targeted fertilizing method of tobacco in Yuxi. A field experiment with tobacco‘K326’was conducted in Yuxi to investigate the relationship of the amount of fertilizer applied at current season, soil nutrients data obtained in soil testing, and the tobacco yield and net output. It was found that the tobacco yield, average price, net output and tobacco leaf qualities were all the highest in N2 P2 K2 treatment plots(local recommended fertilizer amount) in each experiment site. Under the fertilizer-lacking experiments carried out on different sites, the correlations of soil nutrients(alkaline hydrolyze nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium) with tobacco yield were significantly positive. The regression equation between soil nutrient contents and soil nutrient correlation coefficient could be expressed as follows:yN=0.3246-0.04 lnxN, yP=0.7061-0.116 lnxP, yK=0.6244-0.089 lnxK(yN, yPand yKwas the effective coefficient of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively;xN, xPand xKwas the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium respectively). The nutrient critical value for the optimum yield of high quality‘K326’was calculated according to the economic optimum application rate and the levels of available nutrients in soil. To achieve the yield of more than 2700 kg/hm^2, the nutrient critical values of high quality‘K326’planted in the paddy soil at the elevation of 1500-1800 m could be calculated as follows: N was(161.955±18.345) kg/hm^2;P2 O5 was(77.610±12.12) kg/hm^2;K2 O was(349.95±45.675) kg/hm^2.To achieve the yield of more than 2250 kg/hm^2, the nutrient critical values of high quality‘K326’planted in the red soil at the elevation of 1500-2000 m could be calculated as follows: N was(138.945±30.705) kg/hm^2;P2 O5 was(65.295±17.34) kg/hm^2;K2 O was(306.48±49.905) kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：‘K326’ 氮磷钾 土壤养分校正系数 适产养分临界值 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]