垄向和垄距对早春茬番茄生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Ridge Direction and Ridge Spacing on Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato in Early Spring

作　　者：赵伟[1] 蒋丽媛[1] 唐磊[1] 张锋 杨兆森[1] 陈志杰 Zhao Wei;Jiang Liyuan;Tang Lei;Zhang Feng;Yang Zhaosen;Chen Zhijie(Weinan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Weinan Shaanxi 714000;Shaanxi Institute of Biological Agriculture,Xi’an 710043)

机构地区：[1]渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南714000 [2]陕西省生物农业研究所,西安710043

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第13期65-68,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划“优质抗病番茄新品种选育及栽培技术研究”(2018NY-054);国家科技支撑项目“城郊环保型高效农业关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD14B00)。

摘　　要：为提高大棚番茄光能利用效率,以‘西润2007’为材料,设置2个垄向(东西垄向和磁南偏西14°垄向)和3个垄距(1.2、1.4、1.6 m),研究垄向和垄距对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,定植后55天,株高随垄距的增加而增加,其中磁南偏西14°垄向1.6 m垄距处理(偏1.6 m)和东西垄向1.6 m垄距处理(1.6 m)株高显著高于其他处理。垄距为1.6 m和1.4 m时,磁南偏西14°垄向与东西垄向相比,均显著增加番茄花穗数。随垄距增加,番茄产量有降低趋势,其中偏1.2 m处理番茄产量为13.3 kg/m^2,偏1.6 m和1.6 m处理番茄产量最低分别为8.4、8.3 kg/m^2。随垄距增加,番茄果实糖含量和单株番茄茎叶鲜重呈增加趋势。综合考虑番茄植株生长、产量、品质等因素,本研究区大棚早春茬番茄适宜垄向为磁南偏西14°,垄距为1.2 m。To improve the light efficiency of greenhouse tomatoes,‘Xirun2007’was used to study the effects of ridge direction and ridge distance on the growth,yield and quality of tomatoes by setting up two ridge directions(east-west ridge directions and magnetic south by west 14 degrees ridge directions)and three ridge distances(1.2,1.4 and 1.6 meters).The results showed that the plant height increased with the increase of ridge spacing at 55 days after transplanting.The plant height of magnetic south by west 14 degrees ridge directions and 1.6 m ridge spacing treatment(P1.6 m)and east-west ridge directions and 1.6 m ridge spacing treatments(1.6 m)was significantly higher than that of other treatments.When the ridge spacing was 1.6 m and 1.4 m,the number of tomato flower panicles increased significantly in the magnetic south by west 14 degrees ridge directions compared with that in the east-west ridge direction.With the increase of ridge spacing,the yield of tomato decreased.The yield of tomato treated with P1.2 m was 13.3 kg/m^2,and the lowest yield of tomato treated with P1.6 m and 1.6 m was 8.4 kg/m^2 and 8.3 kg/m^2,respectively.With the increase of ridge spacing,sugar content in tomato fruit and fresh weight of stem and leaf per plant increased.Considering the tomato plants growth,yield,quality and other factors,in this study area suitable ridge distance is 1.2 meters and ridge direction is magnetic south by west 14 degrees ridge direction for early spring tomato cultivation.

关 键 词：大棚番茄 光能利用效率 垄向 垄距 植株生长 产量 

分 类 号：S626.4[农业科学—园艺学]