清末内蒙古中西部地区民教冲突与蒙地放垦  

The Conflict between People and religion and the Land Reclamation in the Mid-western Inner Mongolia in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：吴超[1] WU Chao(College of Social Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期39-50,共12页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“清代归化城土默特蒙古的人地关系研究”(13XMZ014)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：学者们对清末内蒙古中西部地区民教冲突的研究视角大都从事件的处理及影响进行探讨,却忽视了民教冲突与蒙地放垦之间的关系。通过对内蒙古中西部地区民教冲突事件的分析,认为内蒙古中西部地区的民教冲突以1900年为界划分为两个阶段:1900年以前,教会利用各种手段获得土地,且以土地为诱饵吸引民众入教而成为教民,教民在教会的支持下成为民教冲突事件的获胜者——以私垦土地升科宣告结束。1900年以后,则是内蒙古中西部地区为解决赔教问题,各蒙古旗自愿将土地抵给教堂或垦务局。这些抵给教堂或垦务局的土地亦被用于开垦。因此,内蒙古中西部地区的民教冲突,在一定程度上促进了本地区土地开发的进程。在清廷放垦蒙地之时,该地区已经无地可放。In the late Qing Dynasty,the conflict between people and religion occurred frequently in the mid-western Inner Mongolia.Scholars mostly discuss the conflict from the perspective of the handling and influence of the incident,but ignore the relationship between the conflict and land reclamation.Based on the related analysis,the conflict between people and religion in the mid-western Inner Mongolia is divided into two stages with the boundary of 1900.Before 1900,the church used various means to obtain land and used the land as the bait to attract people to become a church member who would become the winner of the conflict with the support of the church ending with land taxes.After 1900,in order to resolve the issue of religious compensation in the mid-western Inner Mongolia,the Banner governments of Inner Mongolia voluntarily transferred the land to churches or Reclamation Bureaus for reclamation.Therefore,the conflict between people and religion in the mid-western Inner Mongolia promoted to some degree the development of land in this region and there was no land available at the time the Qing government released the land for reclamation.

关 键 词：清末 内蒙古中西部 民教冲突 土地 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]