人工饲养倒刺鲃幼鱼的野化训练  

Wild training of captive Spinibarbus denticulatus juveniles

作　　者：任开元 沈修俊 王明云 石小涛[2] 刘国勇 REN Kaiyuan;SHEN Xiujun;WANG Mingyun;SHI Xiaotao;LIU Guoyong(College of Biological&Pharmaceutical Sciences,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center of Ecological Protection and Management in the Three Gorges Area,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Agricultural Services Center of Wangdian Town in Dangyang County,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学生物与制药学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]湖北省宜昌市当阳市王店镇农业服务中心,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2020年第3期18-24,共7页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179096;51709152);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目(T201703);三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF2015-07;KF2015-09)。

摘　　要：为了探讨追赶训练对鱼类野化能力的影响,以倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus denticulatus)幼鱼为试验对象,采用鳜鱼塑料模型进行每天2次、每次5 min的追赶训练,研究了追赶训练7和15 d对倒刺鲃躲避模拟捕食者的逃逸时间、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、摄食比率、特定生长率等指标的影响。结果显示,追赶训练7和15 d后倒刺鲃躲避模拟捕食者的逃逸时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05),摄食比率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。追赶训练7 d后的Ucrit与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但追赶训练15 d后的Ucrit显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而追赶训练15 d后的特定生长率相较对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,采用该方法训练15 d后能提高倒刺鲃幼鱼的反捕食能力和游泳能力等与野外生存相关的行为能力,同时并不降低幼鱼的生长。追赶训练15 d的野化效果优于7 d。We investigated the life skills of Oreochromis mossambicus juveniles after chasing training.By using a mandarin fish model-chasing treatment,the fish were provided with 5 min of chasing training twice a day for 7 and 15 d,respectively,then the indices(escape time for avoiding simulated predators,critical swimming speed,feeding rate,specific body mass growth rate)were compared with those in the control group.The results show that after 7 and 15 d of chasing training,the escape time and feeding rate were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the critical swimming speed between the control group and the chasing training group after 7 d(P>0.05),but the critical swimming speed of the chasing training group after 15 d was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in specific body mass growth rate(P>0.05).The results show that 15 d of training can improve the abilities related to survival in the wildness such as anti-predatory ability and swimming ability for juvenile O.mossambicus,but does not reduce the growth of body mass.The effect of 15 d of chasing training is better than that of 7 d.

关 键 词：倒刺鲃 野化 反捕食 追赶训练 临界游泳速度 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学]