果园秸秆覆盖机抛土轮设计与试验  

Design and test of soil throwing wheel of orchard straw mulching machine

作　　者：臧家俊 朱新华[1] 徐少杰 ZANG Jiajun;ZHU Xinhua;XU Shaojie(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;CASIC Second Research Institute 801 Factory,Liuzhou 545000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国航天科工第二研究院801厂,广西柳州545000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2020年第5期47-58,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503137);杨凌示范区科技计划项目(2018GY-09);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018ZDCXL-N-19-1);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019NY-165)。

摘　　要：为实现果园秸秆覆盖机同步覆土功能,解决果园秸秆覆盖存在的火患隐患和秸秆因风雨集堆的问题,提出一种对抛式覆土方案,对对抛式覆土装置的核心部件抛土轮进行结构设计并确定抛土轮直径、叶片数、作业转速等关键参数,采用EDEM仿真软件,分析抛土轮入土深度、转速、抛土角对覆土效果的影响规律;在自行研制的试验台架上对单个抛土轮进行抛土覆土试验。试验结果表明:抛土轮覆土宽度为152.3~251.3cm,覆土厚度10.4~18.3mm,覆土厚度标准差1.4~4.1mm,漏盖率为0,符合果园秸秆层薄土盖压作业要求;分别建立了抛土角、入土深度、转速与覆土厚度和覆土宽度的模型,其决定系数分别为0.943 6和0.932 2,覆土厚度与覆土宽度模型拟合良好。In order to realize the synchronous soil-covering function of orchard straw mulching(OSM)machine and solve the fire hazard in orchard and straw pileup due to wind or rain,a double-direction soil throwing-covering scheme was proposed.A novel structure of the throwing wheel was designed and its key parameters,the diameter,blade number and rotation speed,were determined.EDEM simulation software was used to analyze the influence law of trenching depth,speed and throwing angle of the throwing wheel on soil cover effect.Field soil covering tests were carried out with a single soil throwing wheel on a self-developed test bench.The results showed that the soil covering width within152.3-251.3 cm,the thickness within 10.4-18.3 mm,the standard deviation within 1.4-4.1 mm,and the miss rate of 0 could meet the requirements of soil covering of orchard straw mulch layer.The coefficients of determination of the thickness and width models of the soil cover established with throwing angle,trenching depth and rotating speed,were higher than 0.943 6 and 0.932 2,respectively,indicating that the thickness and width models were well fitted.

关 键 词：果园秸秆覆盖 抛土轮 覆土 厚度 宽度 EDEM仿真 

分 类 号：S23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]