非农就业充分性视角下的我国农村劳动力市场演进  

The Evolution of China’s Rural Labor Market from the Perspective of Off-farm Employment Adequacy

作　　者：王卫东[1] 张林秀 WANG Weidong;ZHANG Linxiu

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]联合国环境署国际生态系统管理伙伴计划,北京100101

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2020年第5期70-81,共12页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委重点项目“城镇化过程中农村劳动力就业和迁徙及其对人力资本的影响研究”;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“我国农村居民职业代际传承研究”。

摘　　要：本文采用多期具有全国代表性农村调查数据,从劳动力非农就业充分性的视角剖析我国农村劳动力非农就业状况。研究发现:(1)农村劳动力非农工作的充分度在逐渐提升;男性劳动力非农就业充分度高于女性劳动力。然而,女性劳动力非农工作的时长增长速度要远快于男性。同时,年轻劳动力非农就业的充分性提升的幅度高于年长劳动力。受教育水平越高的劳动力非农就业充分度越高。(2)在2000-2015年间教育一直是提升农村劳动力就业充分度的重要推手,并且教育对女性劳动力的非农就业充分度的提升影响更大。(3)农村劳动力市场中超时劳动与就业不足的情况并存,并且教育对农村劳动力各年份非农工作总量意义上的超时工作有促进作用。教育与农村劳动力就业时长从原来的线性关系逐渐转为倒U型关系,并且拐点在逐渐的前移。This study uses multi-period national representative rural survey data to analyze the situation of the rural labor market in China from the perspective of the off-farm employment adequacy of rural labor. We find that:(1)The adequacy of off-farm employment in rural labor is gradually increasing. The off-farm employment of the male labor force is more adequate than that of the female labor force. However, the length of off-farm employment work of female labor is growing much faster than that of male labor. At the same time, the extent of the improvement of the sufficiency of the young labor force’s off-fam employment is higher than that of the older labor force. The higher the level of education, the higher the employment adequacy of off-farm employment.(2)Education has been an important driving force for improving the employment adequacy of rural labor employment from 2000 to 2015, and education has had a greater impact on improving the off-farm employment adequacy of female labor.(3)Overtime labor and underemployment coexist in the rural labor market, and education has a positive effect on the overtime work in the sense of the total amount of non-agricultural work in each year of rural labor. The original linear relationship between education and the length of rural labor employment has gradually changed to the inverted U-shaped relationship, and the turning point is gradually moving forward.

关 键 词：农村劳动力 充分就业 教育 超时劳动 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F249.2