油气地球物理技术进展  

Progress in Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Technology

作　　者：陈伟[1] 李霞[1] 李红敬[1] 杨瑞娟[1] 黎娜 周小慧[1] 杨江峰[1] CHEN Wei;LI Xia;LI Hong-jing;YANG Rui-juan;LI Na;ZHOU Xiao-hui;YANG Jiang-feng(SINOPEC Geophysical Research Institute,Nanjing 211103,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,南京211103

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第4期1289-1301,共13页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司科技项目(P19029-4)。

摘　　要：油气地球物理技术持续快速发展,技术水平及解决地质和工程问题的能力不断提高,对油气勘探开发的核心支撑作用不断增强。从高效地震采集、偏移反演技术、定量地震解释、物探理论研究及岩石物理实验、自动化智能化物探技术五个方面,研究了油气地球物理技术的新进展。新的可控震源装备及激发技术是多源地震等高效地震采集新技术的基础,缩短了采集周期,增加的信息冗余有利于提高地震资料质量。采集理念的变化推动了"两宽一高"地震技术的发展。分布式震源组合代表了下一代地震采集技术的方向。节点地震技术与可控源高效激发、稀疏采集技术相结合,能够提高采集效率、降低采集成本。压缩感知、光纤传感器等其他领域新技术成果的引入,加速提升了地震技术的能效。各向异性偏移、最小二乘偏移与其他偏移技术的结合,是成像技术的研发热点。全波形反演在浅中层建模中应用效果显著,联合偏移反演是发展方向。地震定量解释技术对油藏的描述更精细、可靠。倾斜正交各向异性介质比以往使用的横向各向同性等介质更接近真实油气藏。数字岩心技术有助于更好地了解油藏,提高油气开发效率及采收率。深度学习技术已渗透到物探数据处理与解释等领域,将推动物探一体化智能化的迅速发展。The oil and gas geophysical technology has been constantly improved in the ability to solve geological and engineering problems,which provides a better support oil and gas exploration and development.The new progress of oil and gas geophysical technology was reviewed from the following aspects.Efficient seismic acquisition,migration inversion technique,quantitative seismic interpretation,geophysical theory,petrophysical experiment and automated intelligent geophysical technology.The new vibroseis equipment and excitation technology are the basis of new efficient seismic acquisition technologies such as simultaneous sources.They could shorten acquisition period and increase collected information to improve the quality of seismic data.The change of concept about acquisition has promoted the development of the"broadband,wide-azimuth and high-density"in seismic.Distributed source arrays represent the development direction of next seismic acquisition technology.The nodal seismic technique combined with efficient vibroseis excitation and sparse acquisition can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of seismic acquisition.The introduction of new technologies in other fields such as compressed sensing and optical fiber sensor accelerates the improvement of seismic technology.The combination of anisotropic migration,least square migration and other migration technologies is a hot spot in the research and development of imaging technology.Full waveform inversion has been applied in shallow and middle modeling with remarkable effect.Joint migration inversion is the next development direction.Seismic quantitative interpretation technology is more accurate and reliable in describing the reservoir.The tilted orthogonal anisotropic medium is closer to the real reservoir than the transversely isotropic medium used in the past.Digital core technology can help better understand the reservoir and improve the efficiency and recovery of oil and gas development.Deep learning technology has infiltrated into the field of geophysical

关 键 词：多源地震 稀疏采集 最小二乘偏移 全波形反演 定量解释 各向异性 自动化智能化物探 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]