黄河河口鱼类春季生态需水  

Spring ecological water requirement for fishes in Yellow River Estuary

作　　者：于守兵[1] 张朝晖 徐丛亮[3] YU Shoubing;ZHANG Zhaohui;XU Congliang(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Yellow River Estuary Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [3]黄河口水文水资源勘测局,山东东营257091

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2020年第3期1-7,共7页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0405503);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2016-27)。

摘　　要：黄河河口鱼类春季生态需水主要满足河道淡水鱼类栖息地及产卵场、河道洄游鱼类上溯通道和近海洄游鱼类低盐产卵场需求。综合考虑鱼类生活习性,径流传播以及与近海淡咸水混合时间和小浪底水库运行以来月均流量特征,鱼类需水应重点关注3-5月。依据河道淡水鱼类和洄游鱼类的生活习性,从洄游通道的全程连续性出发,需要的低流量为240 m^3/s。结合自然时期流量脉冲特征,每年需要一次4月中旬持续8 d的峰值为890 m^3/s的流量脉冲;在此条件下,春季入海径流量为21.6亿m^3,已满足近海洄游鱼类低盐产卵环境要求的21亿m^3冲淡水量。小浪底水库运行以来,平均春季径流量已达到21亿m^3。通过优化年内或年际调度模式,满足鱼类春季生态需水具有很大可行性。Spring ecological water requirement for the fishes in the Yellow River Estuary should meet the needs of the habitat and spawning ground of freshwater fishes,channel of migratory fishes,and spawning ground of offshore migratory fishes.According to the living habit of fishes,the time of runoff propagation,the mixing time of fresh water and salt water,and the discharge feature since the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir,key attention should be paid to the water requirement from March to May.A minimum ecological flow discharge of 240 m^ 3/s is needed according to the living habit of fishes and the continuity of the migration channel.A flow discharge pulse with a peak of 890 m^3/s,lasting for 8d in the middle stage of April is also needed considering the pulse characteristics in nature period.In this condition,the runoff in spring is 21.6×10^8 m^ 3,satisfying the requirement of 21×10^8 m ^3 for the low salt spawning condition of offshore migratory fishes.The mean annual spring runoff is 21×10^8 m^ 3 since the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.It is of great feasibility to satisfy the fish ecological water requirement by optimizing the annual or the interannual operation modes.

关 键 词：黄河河口 鱼类 生态需水 春季 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV123[水利工程—水文学及水资源]